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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vapor Pressures of Trimethylphosphine, Trimethylarsine and Trimethylstibine (1940)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 62 (1940), S. 1622-1623 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01863a507
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Absorption, translocation and metabolism of 14C-glyphosate in several weed species (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Weed research 20 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The pattern and extent of 14C-glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] translocation from the treated leaf and metabolism of 14C-glyphosate were studied in field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.), hedge bindweed (Convolvulus sepium L.). Canada thistle [Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.] tall morning glory [lpomoea purpurea (L.) Roth.] and wild buckwheat (Polygonum convolvulus L.). 14C was translocated throughout the plants within 3 days with accumulation in the meristematic tips of the roots and shoots evident. Cross and longitudinal sections of stems and roots showed that the 14C was localized in the phloem. Field bindweed translocated 3–5% of the applied 14C from the treated leaf, hedge bindweed 21.6%, Canada thistle 7.8%, tall morningglory 6.5%, and wild buckwheat 5%. Field bindweed, Canada thistle, and tall morningglory metabolized the parent glyphosate to aminomethylphosphonic acid to a limited extent. This metabolite made up less than 15% of the total 14C. Of the total 14C applied to excised leaves, 50% had disappeared within 25 days.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.1980.tb00068.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photodynamic therapy of actinic keratosis at varying fluence rates: assessment of photobleaching, pain and primary clinical outcome (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 151 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background  Although photodynamic therapy (PDT) is becoming an important treatment method for skin lesions such as actinic keratosis (AK) and superficial basal cell carcinoma, there are still discussions about which fluence rate and light dose are preferable. Recent studies in rodents have shown that a low fluence rate is preferable due to depletion of oxygen at high fluence rates. However, these results have not yet been verified in humans.Objectives  The objective was to investigate the impact of fluence rate and spectral range on primary treatment outcome and bleaching rate in AK using aminolaevulinic acid PDT. In addition, the pain experienced by the patients has been monitored during treatment.Patients/methods  Thirty-seven patients (mean age 71 years) with AK located on the head, neck and upper chest were treated with PDT, randomly allocated to four groups: two groups with narrow filter (580–650 nm) and fluence rates of 30 or 45 mW cm−2, and two groups with broad filter (580–690 nm) and fluence rates of 50 or 75 mW cm−2. The total cumulative light dose was 100 J cm−2 in all treatments. Photobleaching was monitored by fluorescence imaging, and pain experienced by the patients was registered by using a visual analogue scale graded from 0 (no pain) to 10 (unbearable pain). The primary treatment outcome was evaluated at a follow-up visit after 7 weeks.Results  Our data showed a significant correlation between fluence rate and initial treatment outcome, where lower fluence rate resulted in favourable treatment response. Moreover, the photobleaching dose (1/e) was found to be related to fluence rate, ranging from 4·5 ± 1·0 J cm−2 at 30 mW cm−2, to 7·3 ± 0·7 J cm−2 at 75 mW cm−2, indicating higher oxygen levels in tissue at lower fluence rates. After a cumulative light dose of 40 J cm−2 no further photobleaching took place, implying that higher doses are excessive. No significant difference in pain experienced by the patients during PDT was observed in varying the fluence rate from 30 to 75 mW cm−2. However, the pain was found to be most intense up to a cumulative light dose of 20 J cm−2.Conclusions  Our results imply that the photobleaching rate and primary treatment outcome are dependent on fluence rate, and that a low fluence rate (30 mW cm−2) seems preferable when performing PDT of AK using noncoherent light sources.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.06211.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efflux of γ-aminobutyric acid caused by changes in ion concentrations and cell swelling simulating the effect of cerebral ischaemia (1997)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 139 (1997), S. 453-463 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Cerebral ischaemia ; GABA release ; brain slice ; GAT-1
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The relationships among ischaemic GABA efflux from brain tissue and extracellular and intracellular concentrations of sodium, chloride and potassium ions were investigated by means of 1) transverse hippocampal slices from rat and 2) functional expression of a high affinity GABA transporter inXenopus oocytes. Brain slices were incubated for 20 min in medium where extracellular sodium and chloride were substituted with impermeant ions. Isethionate (Iseth) substitution for chloride generated a 7-fold increase in GABA efflux. Choline (Chol) but not N-methyl-D-glucamine (NMDG) substitution for sodium likewise increased GABA efflux. Reducing the osmolarity of the medium by decreasing both sodium and chloride concentrations (Hyp) increased GABA efflux 3-fold. This release was blocked by mannitol (Man). Blocking sodium channels with 1 μM of tetrodotoxin (TTX) also increased the release 3-fold. Energy deprivation (ED) increased the GABA release 50-fold. ED/Iseth left the release unchanged, ED/Chol increased the GABA efflux by 23%, whereas ED/NMDG reduced the release by 41%. Adding mannitol did not block the ED-evoked release, whereas TTX reduced it by 52%. Release of preloaded [3H]-GABA from oocytes expressing the GAT-1 GABA transporter was then examined. Depolarisation by current injection or 100 mM extracellular K+ did not increase GABA release. Sodium chloride injection, however, caused membrane depolarisation and a 100-fold increased GABA efflux from the oocytes. This release was blocked when the osmolarity was increased extracellularly by adding mannitol. These results show that 1) TTX releases GABA from brain tissue but blocks release during ED, 2) the high affinity GABA carrier must be altered in order to reverse, 3) ischaemic GABA release is sodium independent, and is modulated by large cations, 4) mannitoi blocks the reversal of high affinity carriers in oocytes, but the release from brain slices during ED is unaffected. Taken together, the results suggest that ischaemic release of GABA from brain tissue does not occur by means of reversed high affinity carriers alone, but rather that it is controlled by more complex mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01808883
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluorine-containing polymers. III. Polymers and copolymers of 1,1-dihydroperfluoroalkyl acrylatesContribution No. 89 from the Central Research Department, Minnesota Minning and Manufacturing Co. We wish to acknowledge the financial support of the Wright Air Development Center, Air Research and Development Command, United States Air Force, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (Dayton, Ohio), for the work reported here. (1955)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 15 (1955), S. 520-536 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The preparation and properties of the homopolymers and butadiene copolymers of the 1,1-dihydroperfluoroalkyl acrylates, CF3(CF2)nCH2OCOCH=CH2. where n has been varied from 0 to 8, are described. Up through the hexyl member, the homopolymers are rubbers which can be vulcanized and which show outstanding resistance to solvents, particularly hydrocarbons. The octyl member can be obtained in either crystalline or rubbery form. The effect of side-chain length on glass transition temperature and solubility is discussed. Incorporation of butadiene increases flexibility at low temperatures, although at some sacrifice of solvent resistance.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1955.120158019
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluorine-containing polymers. VI. Copolymerization of 1,1-dihydroperfluorobutyl acrylateContribution No. 92 from the Central Research Department, Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co. We wish to acknowledge the financial support of the Wright Air Development Center, Air Research and Development Command, United States Air Force, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (Dayton, Ohio), for the work reported here. (1955)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 15 (1955), S. 553-557 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A study of the copolymerization of 1,1-dihydroperfluorobutyl acrylate with methyl methacrylate, styrene, and butadiene has shown that this monomer is similar to acrylonitrile (e = 1.2, Q = 0.44) in its copolymerization behavior and considerably different from methyl acrylate (e = 0.6, Q = 0.42). This illustrates the strongly electronegative character of the C3F7 group. The higher Q value (0.75) may be considered evidence of higher resonance stability of the radical adduct due to the perfluoroalkyl substituent.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1955.120158022
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