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  • 1
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Laparoscopic ultrasound ; Colonic clip ; Tumor localization ; Laparoscopic surgery ; Colorectal tumors ; Surgical technique
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract INTRODUCTION: Small colonic tumor localization and correct extension of colonic resection is critical in laparoscopic surgery. Currently used techniques are sometimes inconclusive and may carry some morbidity. We describe an original method of small tumor localization during laparoscopic colorectal operations through the use of preoperative clip applications by colonoscopy and intraoperative ultrasound of the colon. METHODS: Eight patients with small colonic lesions necessitating preoperative marking were included into this study. A two-step technique was used. Before the operation two metal clips were endoscopically applied proximally and distally to the lesion site. At surgery an intraoperative ultrasound examination of the colon or rectum surface was performed to localize the clips. Subsequent laparoscopic colon resection was performed. RESULTS: Endoscopic metallic clips were easily applied around the lesion in all cases without complications. No dislodgement of clips was documented. At surgery laparoscopic ultrasound visualized the clips in all cases. The examination took between 5 and 17 minutes with no specific morbidity. The lesions with the surrounding clips were always found in the resected specimen. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic metal clipping and intraoperative laparoscopic ultrasound proved to be an easy, safe, and accurate technique in locating small colonic tumors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The aim of this study was to evaluate ultrasound findings as predictors of potential operative difficulties and complications during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). From October 1993 to June 1995 a total of 143 patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis (50 males, 93 females, mean age 49.5 ± 15 years) were evaluated by ultrasound (US) the day before LC. The US examination assessed six parameters: gallbladder (GB) volume, GB wall thickness, GB neck position, GB stone mobility, stone maximum size, and GB adhesions. On the basis of these US findings, a predictive judgment of technical difficulties was expressed by degree: easy, difficult, and very difficult. Altogether 101 patients presented with uncomplicated symptomatic cholelithiasis, and 42 had acute cholecystitis. The operation was predicted to be easy in 38% of cases, difficult in 49%, and very difficult in 13% with a good correlation with the surgeon’s intraoperative judgment ( r = 0.66). A significant association was found between stone mobility ( r = 0.37), presence of adhesions ( r = 0.36), and the difficulty of the procedure. The predictive US evaluation was significantly correlated with some intraoperative technical steps [dissection of Calot’s triangle ( r = 0.41), dissection of the gallbladder bed ( r = 0.41)], and intraoperative bleeding ( r = 0.27). Our results suggest that preoperative US is a useful screening test for patients undergoing LC, and it can help predict technical difficulties. On the other hand, a relevant number of cases still exist wherein the concordance between the preoperative US classification and the surgical findings is unsatisfactory. In this group the surgeon cannot safely rely on the US examination alone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) is an uncommon form of portal hypertension caused by obstruction of the hepatic venous outflow. From 1969 to 1997 we treated 19 patients (7 men, 12 women; mean age 37.6 years) affected by primary BCS. In most of the cases no etiologic factors were identified; in the remaining cases the etiology was associated with polycythemia vera, use of oral contraceptives, presence of endoluminal membranes, and repeated episodes of sepsis. Three patients with membranous occlusion of the major hepatic veins were treated by percutaneous placement of a self-expanding metallic stent inserted via a transjugular or transhepatic approach. The remaining 16 patients underwent a side-to-side portacaval shunt, which required interposition of a graft in five cases. In two patients with a significant caval obstruction, a metallic vascular stent was placed in the narrowed tract of the inferior vena cava, before shunting, by means of a transfemoral venous approach. One patient died within the first 30 postoperative days. The 18 survivors were followed for a mean of 66.7 months. The 5-year survival was 83%. Primary BCS requires different therapies depending on the stage of the disease. The fulminant or chronic forms with irreversible hepatic damage require definitive treatment, such as orthotopic liver transplantation. For the acute or subacute forms, characterized by reversible hepatic injury, a portasystemic shunt represents the most effective treatment. The patients at poor hepatic risk can be treated by interventional radiology. In both cases preliminary caval stenting is necessary if the syndrome is complicated by significant obstruction of the inferior vena cava.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Quatre-vingt dix patients cirrhotiques ont été opérés d'une dérivation splénorénale distale (DSRD) pour hémorragie digestive par varices oesophagiennes entre Janvier, 1977 et Septembre, 1988. La technique originale de Warren a été employée dans 63 cas et celle modifiée par Britton dans 15. Douze patients ont eu une DSRD associée à une déconnection spléno-pancréatique. La cirrhose était d'origine alcoolique dans 34 cas et non alcoolique dans 56 cas. La pression résiduelle dans la veine porte après création de shunt restait haute (29.4 cm d'H2O) même lorsque sa valeur initiale s'était un peu abaissée en raison de la dimunition du débit splénique. Le diamètre de l'artère hépatique a augmenté de 6.5 mm à 7.1 mm, même après shunt électif. La persistance d'une pression porte élèvée a asssuré un flux hépatopète dans 87% des cas. La déconnection des régimes à haute pression (mésentérique) et à basse pression (splénique) n'apparaissait comme idéale que dans 17% des cas. Des collatérales porto-mésentériques gastro-spléniques, minimes ou modérées, se sont développées assez rapidement chez 55% des patients. Chez 33% des patients, les collatérales étaient généralement larges et permettaient l'opacification de la veine splénique et de la veine cave inférieure pendant la phase veineuse de l'artériographie mésentérique supérieure. Dans ce groupe, le débit porte était réduit voire même aboli. L'incidence de thrombose porte était de 11%. Les contrôles angiographiques précoces après DSRD n'ont pas montré de différence hémodynamique entre les patients alcooliques et ceux qui ne l'étaient pas. La déconnection splénopancréatique semble pouvoir empêcher le développement des collatérales et la perte de perfusion porte après les dérivations chirurgicales.
    Abstract: Resumen El grupo de estudio comprende los pacientes cirróticos sometidos a derivación (“shunt”) esplenorrenal distal (SERD) por hemorragia varicosa entre enero de 1977 y septiembre de 1988. En 63 casos se utilizó la técnica original de Warren y en 15 el procedimiento modificado de Britton. Doce pacientes recibieron el SERD más desconexión esplenopancreática. Treinta y cuatro casos presentaban cirrosis alcohólica y 56 cirrosis no alcohólica. La presión portal intraoperatoria permaneció elevada después de realizar el “shunt” (29.4 cm H2O) aún en aquellos casos en que el valor inicial apareció disminuido posiblemente por la pérdida del flujo esplénico. La presión esplénica se redujo a 21 cm H2O. El diámetro de la arteria hepática aumentó aün después del “shunt” selectivo (de 6.5 a 7.1 mm). La persistencia de una alta presión portal logró la preservación del flujo portal hepático en 87% de los casos. La desconexión entre el area mesentérica de alta presión y el area esplénica de baja presión pareció ser ideal en solo 17% de los casos. Cincuenta y cinco por ciento de los casos desarrolló precozmente colaterales portomesentericas gastroesplénicas (PM-GE) mínimas o moderadas. En 33% las colaterales PM-GE aparecieron abundantes y con frecuencia permitieron la visualización de las venas esplénicas y cavas en la fase venosa de los arteriogramas de mesentérica superior. En este grupo el flujo portal generalmente resultó muy disminuido y aún abolido. La incidencia de trombosis portal fue 11%. Los controles angiográficos después de SERD no mostraron un comportamiento diferente entre los alcohólicos y no alcohólicos. La desconexión esplenopancreática parece prevenir el desarrollo de colaterales y la pérdida de perfusión portal después de una cirugía derivativa (“shunt”).
    Notes: Abstract Ninety patients with cirrhosis undergoing elective distal splenorenal shunt (DSRS) for variceal bleeding between January, 1977 and September, 1988 comprised the study group. In 63 cases, the original technique of Warren was used and, in 15, the modified Britton procedure was employed. Twelve patients had a DSRS plus splenopancreatic disconnection. Thirtyfour had alcoholic cirrhosis and 56 had nonalcoholic cirrhosis. Intraoperative portal pressure remained high after the shunt (29.4 cm H 2O)even if its initial value was probably decreased by the loss of the splenic flow. Splenic pressure was reduced to 21 cm H 2 O. The hepatic artery diameter enlarged even after selective shunt (from 6.5 to 7.1 mm). The persistence of a high portal pressure allowed for the preservation of hepatopedal portal flow in 87% of cases. Disconnection between the high-pressure mesenteric area and the low-pressure splenic area seemed to be ideal in only 17% of cases. Fifty-five percent of cases had the early development of minimal or moderate portomesenteric gastrosplenic (PM-GS) collateral pathways. In 33%, the PM-GS collaterals were generally abundant and often allowed visualization of the splenic and caval veins during the venous phase of the superior mesenteric arteriograms. In this group, portal flow was generally highly reduced and even abolished. The incidence of portal thrombosis was 11%. Early angiographic checks after DSRS did not show a different hemodynamic behavior between alcoholics and nonalcoholics. Splenopancreatic disconnection seems to prevent the development of collaterals and the loss of portal perfusion after shunt surgery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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