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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrostatic pressure is like high temperature and oxidative stress in the damage it causes to yeast (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 108 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A comparison of barotolerance, thermotolerance and oxygen tolerance was made under different physiological conditions, such as heat shocked and recovered state, different growth phases and changes of physiological conditions by mutations. The three kinds of tolerance showed similar features under different physiological conditions. We suggest that the damage caused by hydrostatic pressure may be essentially the same as that due to high temperature and oxidative stress in yeast.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1993.tb06073.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stimulation of fibroblast growth in vitro by intermittent radiant warming (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Wound repair and regeneration 8 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1524-475X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A number of clinical studies have suggested that radiant heat improves the healing of selected acute and chronic wounds. The purpose of this study was to investigate in vitro the effect of intermittent radiant heating on the growth of human skin fibroblasts using a radiant heat-producing dressing with a designated temperature of 38 °C. In initial experiments cells were seeded in six well-plates, maintained in culture at 33–34 °C, and warmed daily for three cycles of 1 hour with 1.5 hour intervals. Changes in cell growth and metabolism were determined in sets of triplicate wells by cell counts and a colorimetric assay before and after one week's treatment. After eight days the number of cells in the radiant heat-treated group was 30% higher and the metabolic activity 47%– 90% higher than in the control group. In quiescent fibroblasts which had been maintained for four weeks in low-serum medium, the warming regime completely prevented the decrease in cell number observed in control cells. Our findings suggest that the stimulation of cell proliferation induced by intermittent heating in vitro may indicate a possible mechanism contributing to in vivo effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1524-475x.2000.00138.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Sympathoadrenal Medullary Functions in Aged Rats under Anesthesia (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 515 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb33004.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of the centrally acting cholinesterase inhibitors tetrahydroaminoacridine and E2020 on the basal concentration of extracellular acetylcholine in the hippocampus of freely moving rats (1994)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 350 (1994), S. 523-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Acetylcholine ; E2020 ; Hippocampus ; Microdialysis ; Physostigmine ; RIA ; Tetrahydroaminoacridine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of the centrally acting cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors, tetrahydroaminoacridine (THA) and E2020 (1-benzyl-4-[(5,6-dimethoxy-l-indanon)-2-yl] methylpiperidine hydrochloride), potential drugs for the treatment of senile dementia, on the basal extracellular acetylcholine (ACh) concentration in the hippocampus of freely moving rats, were determined using a microdialysis technique without the use of a ChE inhibitor in the perfusion fluid and a sensitive RIA. The mean (±SEM) basal ACh content in the perfusate was 103.1 ± 3.6 fmol/sample collected over 30 min when microdialysis probes with a length of 3 mm dialysis membrane were used. The content of ACh decreased to an almost undetectable level upon perfusion of magnesium, suggesting that, in the present study, most of the ACh detected in the perfusates was due to cholinergic neuronal activity. THA (1.65 mg/kg, i.p.) produced an insignificant increase in the extracellular ACh concentration, but a dose of 5 mg/kg, i.p. caused a prolonged and significant 5.5-fold increase from the control value. E2020 (0.65 and 2 mg/kg, i.p.) produced significant, prolonged and dose-dependent increases (4 and 12 times the control value, respectively), the peak effect occurring within 1 h. Perfusion with 10 μmol/l physostigmine produced an about 30-fold increase of ACh output, suggesting that the basal extracellular ACh concentration is highly dependent on ChE activity. When ChE was inhibited locally by perfusion with physostigmine, THA (5 mg/kg) produced a transient and, at its maximum, a 1.42-fold increase in extracellular ACh concentration. These results demonstrate that the basal, physiological, extracellular ACh concentration in the hippocampus of freely moving rats can be determined using a microdialysis technique and a sensitive RIA, and suggest that THA and E 2020 increase ACh concentration in the synaptic cleft of the hippocampus in a dose-dependent manner mostly through ChE inhibition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00173022
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzyme induction by ethanol consumption affects the pharmacokinetics of inhaledm-xylene only at high levels of exposure (1993)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 67 (1993), S. 473-477 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Ethanol ; Enzyme induction ; m-Xylene ; Routes of administration ; Pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The experimental study with rats was undertaken to verify the working hypothesis that enzyme induction caused by ethanol consumption affects the kinetics ofm-xylene only at a high level of exposure.m-Xylene was administered to ethanol-treated rats either perorally (0.01, 0.02 or 0.1 ml/kg) or by inhalation (50, 100 or 500 ppm each for 6 h) and the concentration ofm-xylene in the blood and the urinary excretion of am-xylene metabolite (m-methyl hippuric acid orm-MHA) were measured with time. The ethanol consumption, which increased the in vitrom-xylene metabolism about 5-fold, had no effect on the metabolism of inhaledm-xylene in vivo until the exposure concentration was raised to 500 ppm. On the other hand, metabolism ofm-xylene after oral administration was markedly enhanced at any dose by the consumption, as evidenced by a decrease in the blood concentration ofm-xylene together with an increase in the urinary excretion ofm-MHA. These findings indicate that enzyme induction does not affect the pharmacokinetics of inhaledm-xylene when its exposure concentration is low. This may be because the hepatic blood flow, rather than the enzyme activity, rate-limits the metabolism ofm-xylene, which is highly metabolized in the liver.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01969918
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modulation of somatocardiac sympathetic reflexes mediated by opioid receptors at the spinal and brainstem level (1995)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 105 (1995), S. 1-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Opioid ; Cisterna magna ; Cardiac sympathetic nerve ; Somatosympathetic reflex ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Modulation of somatosympathetic reflexes at the spinal cord and the brainstem was studied by administering opioid receptor agonists into the intrathecal space of the lumbar spinal cord and into the subarachnoid space of the cisterna magna in rats anesthetized with α-chloralose and urethane. Somatocardiac sympathetic A-and C-reflexes were elicited by electrical stimulation of myelinated (A) and unmyelinated (C) afferent fibers of the tibial nerve, respectively. Intrathecal administration of the μ-opioid receptor agonist DAMGO selectively depressed the C-reflex in a dose-dependent manner (minimum effective dose 10 ng), whereas the intrathecal injection of the δ-opioid receptor agonist DPDPE and the κ-opioid receptor agonist U-50,488H only at doses of 10 μg and 100 μg, respectively, led to a significant depression of the C-reflex. Injection of DAMGO into the cisterna magna enhanced both A-and C-reflexes in a dose-dependent manner (minimum effective dose 1 ng). The administration of neither DPDPE nor U-50,488H into the cisterna magna affected A-or C-reflexes. It is concluded that the activation of μ-opioid receptors is mainly or exclusively responsible for suppressing somatosympathetic C-reflexes at the spinal cord and for enhancing them at the brainstem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00242176
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of benzene and toluene (1974)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 33 (1974), S. 169-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Pharmacokinetics ; Benzene ; Toluene ; Ostwald solubility coefficient ; Three-exponential decay curve ; Mathematical model ; Sex difference
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Experimental human exposure of benzene and toluene: Elimination curves obtained from a single exposure in which three male subjects inhaled 25 ppm of benzene and 100 ppm of toluene for 2 hrs were graphically resolved into a sum of three exponential components; for benzene in blood, $${\text{Y = }}5.93e^{ - 0.418t} + 8.60e^{ - 0.0238t} + 2.87e^{ - 0.00317t}$$ and for toluene in blood, $${\text{Y = 3}}5.5e^{ - 0.355t} + 35.2e^{ - 0.0197t} + 12.9e^{ - 0.00339t}$$ where Y is concentration in Μg/dl and t is time in minutes from 0 to 300. 2. Solubility of benzene and toluene in various body tissues of rabbits: The tissue-blood partition coefficients for the most body tissues were in the range of 1–3. On the other hand, the solvent vapors were extremely soluble in the fat, approximately 30–50 times as much as in the blood. 3. A mathematical analysis of the transfer of benzene and toluene in a living body: Using the results described in 2., a mathematical model with regard to the absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination of the solvent was constructed. The model could offer a possible explanation for the three-exponential decay observed in the human experimental exposure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00538916
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Positron emission tomography reveals changes in global and regional cerebral blood flow during noxious stimulation of normal and inflamed elbow joints in anesthetized cats (1998)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 118 (1998), S. 439-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words Positron emission tomography ; Articular nociception ; Cerebral blood flow ; Joint inflammation ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  In cats the global (gCBF) as well as the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and blood pressure were measured before, during, and after noxious inward and outward rotations of normal and inflamed elbow joints. The animals were anesthetized with halothane and immobilized by gallamine triethiodide. The gCBF as well as the rCBF were measured using positron emission tomography (PET) with a camera specifically designed for use in small animals. Slow intravenous bolus injections of 15O-labeled water were followed by 3-min acquisition of regional radioactivity starting at the time of injection. In all experiments the gCBF as well as the blood pressure were increased by noxious inward-outward rotations of the normal and of the inflamed joint, whereas the blood pressure and the rCBF remained unchanged during bolus injections under control conditions (without any joint movement). Movements of the inflamed joint evoked significantly greater increases in blood pressure and gCBF than corresponding ones of the normal joint. These increases in gCBF were paralleled by increases in rCBF along the complete anterior to posterior axis of the brain. Again, the increases in rCBF were larger, more extensive and more uniform following the stimulation of the inflamed joint relative to the results obtained with stimulation of the normal joint. No significant laterality was seen, but when an atlas-based region of interest (ROI) analysis was carried out and when the individual variations in rCBF were removed with two-way ANOVA, significant differences were disclosed in rCBF between the stimulated condition and the resting condition in a large number of brain regions. In particular, noxious rotation of the normal (right) elbow joint induced a significant increase in rCBF over the cerebral cortex and in the right thalamus and hippocampus. The same stimulation of the (left) inflamed joint induced a significant increase in rCBF throughout the brain; the biggest increase being over the right posterior cortex. It is concluded that under the conditions of the present experiments the generally accepted autoregulation of the cerebral blood flow is not fully functioning, and various factors that may be responsible for this failure (which obscures rCBF differences) are discussed. The more pronounced increases in rCBF when moving inflamed joints instead of normal ones is thought to be a direct consequence of the peripheral sensitization of the articular nociceptors and the consequent central hyperexcitability induced in the articular nociceptive pathways.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002210050300
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Central pathways of reflex discharges in the cervical sympathetic trunk (1970)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 319 (1970), S. 1-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Cervical Sympathetic Reflexes ; Spinal Sympathetic Reflex ; Spinale Reflexe
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. In the CST, sciatic or radial nerve stimulation evoke a reflex discharge which is divided into fast and slow components. These two reflex components are mostly attributed to preganglionic B- and postganglionic C-fibers in the CST. 2. The cervical sympathetic reflexes in spinal cats show discharge patterns similar to those in CNS-intact cats, although the amplitudes of the reflexes are smaller in spinal cats. 3. The cervical sympathetic reflexes are depressed by baroceptor afferent excitation, but not as strongly as the supraspinal sympathetic reflex component in other sympathetic nerves. 4. A single electrical shock to the pressor area of the medulla oblongata evokes discharges of the CST which also have fast and slow components, and whose latencies are about 10 msec shorter than those of the respective reflexes. 5. It is concluded that in CNS-intact cats, the cervical sympathetic reflex discharges, evoked by a sciatic or radial nerve stimulation, utilized both spinal and supraspinal pathways which have similar latencies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00586424
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Somato-sympathetic reflex discharges evoked through supramedullary pathways (1972)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 332 (1972), S. 117-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Sympathetic Nervous System ; Reflex ; Supramedullary Reflex Pathway ; Somatic Afferent
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Sympathetic mass discharges were recorded from lumbar white rami (LWR) in chloralose anaesthetized cats. 2. Stimulation of myelinated somatic afferent fibres produced 3 different types of reflex discharges; the previously reported early (spinal) and the late (medullary) reflexes, plus a very late reflex discharge. 3. The very late reflex discharge of about 300–350 ms latency was only observed 8–10 h after the initial dose of chloralose (50 mg/kg, i.p.). It disappeared completely after an additional injection of chloralose (5–10 mg/kg, i.v.), although the other two reflexes, the early and late ones, remained throughout. 4. After surgical transection of the brain stem at the supra- or mid-pontine level, or after anaemic decerebration, the very late one disappeared completely, although the other two reflexes, the early and late ones, remained. 5. The late reflex was followed by the strong depression of discharge activity, but there was no clear relationship between intensity of the depression and appearance of the very late reflex discharge. 6. It was concluded that the very late reflex discharge has a suprapontine reflex pathway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00589088
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