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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Rates of Reaction of 1-Alkenyl Isocyanates with Methanol (1960)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 82 (1960), S. 3893-3897 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01500a027
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on l-Alkenyl Isocyanates and Their Derivatives1 (1961)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 26 (1961), S. 770-779 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo01062a031
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Rate of the Reaction of Isocyanates with Alcohols. II (1962)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 27 (1962), S. 819-825 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo01050a031
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The usefulness of cyclophosphamide pretreatment for subrenal capsule assay against human esophageal cancer (1991)
    Springer
    Surgery today 21 (1991), S. 184-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2813
    Keywords: subrenal capsule assay ; esophageal cancer ; cyclophosphamide pretreatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In order to suppress the host immune reaction in subrenal capsule assay (SRCA) using normal immunocompetent mice, the effects of cyclophosphamide (CPM) pretreatment were compared to those obtained after cyclosporine A (CSA) treatment. CPM and CSA suppressed the host reaction until day 6 and day 12, respectively, however, the histological evaluation of the tumors on day 6 revealed no differences between the two groups. The cytotoxity of CPM in mouse serum against P388 cells was measured to evaluate the residual activity of CPM against the implanted tumor. No cytotoxicity was observed in the serum 36 hours after the CPM injection. In the histological analysis of clinical samples, inflammatory infiltration was observed in only 4 of 25 samples and tumor cell preservation recognized in 27 of 28 samples. A persistence of tumor cells was recognized in the samples rich in tumor cells. Adequate growth of the tumor in the control groups was obtained from 30 of 33 tumors (91 per cent), and the response rates of this assay were comparable to those of prior clinical experiences on each of these drugs. These results indicated the feasibility of SRCA with CPM pretreatment as a predictive test of chemotherapeutic agents for esophageal cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02470907
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of zinc deficiency on the accumulation of metallothionein and cadmium in the rat liver and kidney (1989)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 18 (1989), S. 587-593 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of zinc (Zn) deficiency and repeated exposure to cadmium (Cd) on the accumulation and distribution of metallothionein (MT), Cd and Zn in the liver and kidney were studied. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either a Zn-deficient (1 ppm) or a Zn-adequate (40 ppm) diet during the experiment, and the rats were injected subcutaneously with a cadmium chloride solution (1.0 mg Cd/kg of body weight, 5 days a week) for 4 weeks. Cadmium, Zn, and Cd-induced MT concentrations in the liver and kidney were lower in the Zn-deficient rats (−Zn + Cd) than in the Zn-adequate rats (+ Zn + Cd), while the content of Cd bound to high molecular weight proteins (HMWP) was greater in the Zn-deficient rats (−Zn + Cd). The Zn bound to Cd-induced MT was reduced to 30% in the liver and to 60% in the kidney of the Zn-deficient rats (−Zn + Cd) as compared with that of the Zn-adequate rats (+ Zn + Cd). In the kidney of Zn-deficient rats, exposure to Cd caused a decrease in essential Zn associated with HMWP as compared with that of Zn-adequate rats (+ Zn + Cd). Thus, Zn-deficiency affected the distribution of Cd in tissues, MT and HMWP and accelerated substantially Cd-induced Zn-deficiency in the kidney. Although the renal Cd concentration was lower in the Zn-deficient rats (−Zn + Cd) than in the Zn-adequate rats (+ Zn + Cd), exposure to Cd for four weeks resulted in glucosuria and an increase in liver and kidney weights in the Zn-deficient rats (−Zn + Cd), but not in the Zn-adequate rats (+ Zn + Cd). These results suggest that development of Cd toxicity is related to the Zn status of the body, to the accumulation of Cd in HMWP and to the amount of essential Zn associated with HMWP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01055026
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sex-related differences in NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation induced by cadmium (1986)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 59 (1986), S. 156-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Malondialdehyde ; Microsome ; Lipid peroxidation ; Sex difference ; Cadmium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Male and female rats were dosed once a day for 2 days with injections of 1.5 mg Cd/kg. Formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBA-RS) was significantly increased in male rat liver but not in the females. NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation in vitro in microsomes derived from untreated rat liver was greater in males than in females. Furthermore, addition of cadmium (Cd) to microsomes isolated from male rat liver produced a dose-dependent potentiation of NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation from low concentrations of Cd. In microsomes derived from females a significant increase in lipid peroxidation was observed only at high Cd concentrations. NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation enhanced by Cd was greater in the males than in the females. These data suggest that a sex-related difference in the ability of Cd to induce lipid peroxidation in vivo in rat liver appears to be mediated partly through differences in hepatic microsomal NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00316325
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased urinary excretion of collagen metabolites in cadmium-metallothionein nephropathy (1987)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 61 (1987), S. 116-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Hydroxylysine ; Renal reabsorption ; Metallothionein nephropathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In order to investigate the effect of cadmium-metallothionein (Cd-MT) on renal reabsorption of collagen metabolites, urinary excretion of hydroxylysine (Hyl), glucosyl-galactosyl-Hyl (Glc-Gal-Hyl), galactosyl-Hyl (Gal-Hyl), and hydroxyproline (Hyp), which are unique collagen metabolites, was determined in rats. Administration of Cd-MT resulted in acute renal failure in the form of proteinuria, aminoaciduria and glycosuria. Protein content in urine was greatly increased 1 day after injection of Cd-MT and decreased from 5 days, while the maximum levels of excretion of amino acids and glucose were observed at 6 days post-injection. The urinary excretion of total Hyp and Hyl, including Glc-Gal-Hyl, Gal-Hyl and free Hyl, were significantly increased at 3, 6 and 8 days after injection of Cd-MT with the maximum level at 6 days. Moreover, the molar ratio of Glc-Gal-Hyl/Gal-Hyl of urine in the Cd-MT-treated group was almost the same as that in the controls. These results suggest that a portion of Hyp, Hyl and its glycosides is normally reabsorbed from the renal tubule in the controls, and Cd-MT exposure caused an increase in urinary excretions of Hyp and Hyl, including its glycosides, through a renal tubular defect in reabsorption of Hyl in the same manner as with common amino acids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00661368
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-term cadmium exposure induces anemia in rats through hypoinduction of erythropoietin in the kidneys (1996)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 71 (1996), S. 11-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Key words Cadmium ; Erythropoietin ; Anemia ; Rat ; Kidney
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Cadmium (Cd), a highly toxic heavy metal, is distributed widely in the general environment of today. The characteristic clinical manifestations of chronic Cd intoxication include renal proximal tubular dysfunction, general osteomalacia with severe pains, and anemia. We have recently reported that the serum level of erythropoietin (EPO) remained low despite the severe anemia in patients with Itai-itai disease, the most severe form of chronic Cd intoxication. In order to prove that the anemia observed in chronic Cd intoxication arises from low production of EPO in the kidneys following the renal injury, we administered Cd to rats for a long period and performed the analysis of EPO mRNA inducibility in the kidneys. The rats administered Cd for 6 and 9 months showed anemia with low levels of plasma EPO as well as biochemical and histological renal tubular damage, and also hypoinduction of EPO mRNA in the kidneys. The results indicate that chronic Cd intoxication causes anemia by disturbing the EPO-production capacity of renal cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002040050352
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