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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Population ecology 41 (1999), S. 107-119 
    ISSN: 1437-5613
    Keywords: Key words Alternative factors ; Habitat permanence ; Herbivore ; Plant quality ; Three trophic levels
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This article attempts to explain that parasitoids provide the evolutionary pressure responsible for relationships between habitat use and larval food plant use in herbivorous insects. Three species of butterflies of the genus Pieris, P. rapae, P. melete, and P. napi use different sets of cruciferous plants. They prefer different habitats composed of similar sets of cruciferous plants. In our study, P. rapae used temporary habitats with ephemeral plants, P. melete used permanent habitat with persistent plants, although they also used temporary habitats, and P. napi used only permanent habitat. The choice experiment in the field cages indicated that each of the three butterfly species avoided oviposition on plants usually unused in its own habitat, but accepted the unused plants which grew outside its own habitat. Their habitat use and plant use were not explained by intrinsic plant quality examined in terms of larval performance. Pieris larvae collected from persistent plants or more long lasting habitats were more heavily parasitized by two specialist parasitoids, the braconid wasp Cotesia glomerata and the tachinid fly Epicampocera succincta. The results suggest that Pieris habitat and larval food plant use patterns can be explained by two principles. The evolution of habitat preference may have been driven by various factors including escape from parasitism. Once habitat preference has evolved, selection favors the evolution of larval food plant preferences by discriminating against unsuitable plants, including those which are associated with high parasitism pressures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Cotesia glomerata ; Pieris rapae ; Rorippa indica ; plant–herbivore complex ; palmitic acid ; oleic acid ; stearic acid ; tritrophic interaction ; antennation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Cotesia glomerata parasitizes early instars of the cabbage butterfly,Pieris rapae, in Japan. Female wasps antennatedRorippa indica leaves damaged by feeding ofP. rapae larva, but ignored artificially damaged leaves. Females also antennated filter paper containingR. indica leaf juice plusP. rapae regurgitant. Chemical analysis revealed five compounds in higher amounts in the infested edges of leaves than in artificially damaged edges. Among them, we identified palmitic acid, oleic acid, and stearic acid. Female wasps antennated filter paper containing each of these three acids. We discuss the function of these acids in the tritrophic context.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé On a étudié les interactions dans le développement de l'endoparasitoide grégaire,Apanteles ruficrus Hal. et le ver gris,Leucania separata Walker. Le parasitoide préfère les larves hôtes plus jeunes et se développe en 9,5 j. quel que soit l'âge de l'hôte au moment du parasitisme. La croissance des larves parasitées est diminuée. Le maximum de poids net de la chenille hôte est en corrélation positive avec le nombre d'œufs déposés par le parasitoide dans des larves du 2e stade. Quant le parasitisme intervient au 2e stade le poids du parasitoide est en corrélation négative avec le nombre d'œufs pondus dans la chenille. Le parasitoide a la capacité de réguler la taille de l'hôte et la sienne suivant le nombre d'œufs déposés quand la larve hôte est petite.
    Notes: Abstract The developmental interactions between the gregarious endoparasitoidApanteles ruficrus Hal. and the army worm,Leucania separata Walker were investigated. The parasitoid preferred young host larvae and developed in 9.5 days irrespective of host age at the time of parasitization. The growth of parasitized host larvae were depressed. The net maximum weight of the host larva was positively correlated with the number of parasitoid eggs laid when the 2nd instar was parasitized. And when parasitizing in 2nd instar, the weight of parasitoid was negatively correlated with the number of eggs laid. The parasitoid has an ability to regulate the size of the host and the parasitoid itself according to the number of eggs laid when the host larva is very small.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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