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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors related to the development of sensitization to green coffee and castor bean allergens among coffee workers (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 25 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Occupational allergic respiratory symptoms in coffee workers have been frequently reported, but the ultimate cause of sensilization is still debated, castor bean being considered besides green coffee beans. Atopy and cigarette smoking have been suggested as promoting factors of sensitizalion for several occupational allergens. Objective This study was carried out to assess the prevalence of allergic respiratory symptoms and of sensitization to both green coffee beans and castor bean in the whole workforce of a coffee manufacturing plant. Furthermore we wanted to ascertain both the presence of castor bean antigens in the settled dust of the green coffee beans warehouse and the possible crossreactivity between the two beans. Meanwhile, the effect of smoking and atopy was considered.Method: Two-hundred and eleven workers were examined. A questionnaire on oculorhinitis and asthma was administered and skin-prick tests for green coffee beans, castor bean and 15 common inhalant allergens were carried out. Isoelectric focusing, isoelectric focusing immunoblot and radioallergosorbent assay (RAST) inhibition were performed on samples of settled environmental dust from the green coffee area, as well as on castor bean and green coffee beans.Results Ten per cent of the workers complained of oculorhinitis alone and 16% of asthma (nearly always associated with oculorhinitis). The overall prevalence of skin-sensitization was: 15% for green coffee beans, 22% for castor bean, 22% for common allergens. Evidence of sensitization to occupational allergens was more common in smokers, with a more than twofold increase in relative risk. The strong association between skin positivity to common and occupational allergens suggests that atopy acts as an enhancing host factor towards occupational sensitization. The analysis of the dust confirmed the presence of castor bean antigens.Conclusion Our findings indicate that castor bean is the major cause of occupational sensitization among coffee workers, whereas smoking and atopy act as enhancing factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1995.tb01112.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RADIOLOGIC CHANGES AFTER CESSATION OF EXPOSURE AMONG CHRYSOTILE ASBESTOS MINERS IN ITALY (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 330 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1979.tb18716.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Urinary cobalt as a measure of exposure in the hard metal industry (1985)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 57 (1985), S. 19-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Cobalt ; Urinary ; Ambient air ; Relationship
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twenty-six workers in a hard metal manufacturing plant were monitored by cobalt urinary and ambient air measurements during the first month after summer holidays. Cobalt determinations were performed utilizing AAS, with a preliminary chelation and extraction procedure for urinary samples. Almost all personal ambient air samples turned out to be under the cobalt dust TLV of 0.1 mg/m3. When restarting work after the holidays, urinary values did not differ from the control group. At the end of the first working week, urinary cobalt had increased four fold, then decreased to the original values on the following Monday before restarting work. Thereafter, the weekend was no longer sufficient to reduce the levels to normal urinary cobalt values. The values rose to the same level observed before the holidays, and dit not substantially decrease even after the weekend. End-shift urinary cobalt values showed a good relationship with present as well as with mean past exposure on the first and the fifth weekday, but the third day did not. The correlation was better with present exposure on Monday and with mean past exposure on Friday. The observed differences may be explained by the minor influence of recent exposure on present exposure on Monday. The highest values were found on Wednesday. We suggest the utilization of end-shift urinary cobalt determination as a measure of the present exposure on Monday, and of mean recent or preceding exposure on Friday.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00383542
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Excretion kinetics of the rubber anti-oxidant N-isopropyl-N′-phenyl-p-phenylendiamine (IPPD) (1987)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 59 (1987), S. 537-543 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: N-isopropyl-N′-phenyl-p-phenylendiamine (IPPD) ; Urinary excretion ; Vulcanizers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sixteen rubber vulcanizers using IPPD as anti-oxidant were monitored for the presence of the parent compound in the urine during two consecutive working weeks using HPLC for analysis. At least two components in the excretion kinetics could be demonstrated: a fast one, as end-shift urinary concentrations significantly exceeded before-shift ones, and a less rapid one, as before-shift values at the end of the week significantly differed from those determined at the beginning. A skin absorption experiment was also performed. It demonstrated three components in the excretion kinetics, with apparent half-times of approximately 3, 7 and 24 h. Excretion ceased 7 d after skin exposure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00377916
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of reacting oxigen species produced by human polimorphonuclears or bovine alveolar macrophages exposed to clay mineral, advised to replace asbestos (1993)
    Springer
    Cytotechnology 11 (1993), S. S160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0778
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00746089
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro biological effects of clay minerals advised as substitutes for asbestos (1995)
    Springer
    Cell biology and toxicology 11 (1995), S. 237-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6822
    Keywords: alveolar macrophages ; asbestos ; clay mineral ; chemiluminescence ; complement activation ; hemolysis ; polymorphonuclear leukocytes ; sepiolite ; vermiculite
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We studied one sample of commercial sepiolite and two samples of commercial vermiculite—clay minerals proposed as replacements for asbestos—and testedin vitro their abilities to activate complement, to lyse erythrocytes, and to elicit the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) or bovine alveolar macrophages (AM); their behavior was compared with that of asbestos fibers obtained from the Union International Contra Cancer (UICC) as reference standards, as well as with kaolinite and illite, main members of the clay mineral family. Since in short-termin vitro tests the biological activity of mineral particles seems especially related to the active sites on their surface, we first measured the specific surface area of each mineral. Sepiolite was unreactive in two of the three tests we used (complement activation and ROS production) and able to lyse a minimal percentage of red blood cells. Vermiculite was shown to be incapable of activating complement, to have a moderate hemolytic activity and a high ability to elicite ROS production, although lower than that of chrysotile. Sepiolite, therefore, might be of more interest than vermiculite, given the low level of biological effects detected during the tests used to compare both clay minerals with asbestos fibres. The ROS production does not seem to require phagocytosis. A high ROS production was observed with kaolinite: this result casts doubt on the ability of pathogenic mineral dustsin vitro to induce a greater release of ROS than nonpathogenic mineral dusts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00757622
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trace metals in human lung as determined by neutron activation analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 110 (1987), S. 595-601 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The possibility to use the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in combination with analytical methods for trace metal analysis such as neutron activation analysis (NAA), inductively coupled plasma (ICP) and electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy (ETASS) for the determination of trace elements in the lung of living subjects has been investigated. In particular more than 30 elements have been determined: (1) in physiological solutions used for bronchopulmonary lavage (blank values) (2) in BALs of volunteer patients (unexposed subjects) (3) in BALs of occupational workers affected by pulmonary fibrosis as diagnosed by clinical methods (exposed subjects). Although the number of cases with metal exposure studied by NAA-BAL method is too limited to draw definitive conclusions the results suggest that the procedure can provide interesting qualitative information on metals which would be actually retained in the lung tissue. However, although the method may become of importance when integrated with clinical examinations further investigations are necessary to establish qualitative relations between trace metal levels determined in the BAL and the total elemental content of the lung tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02035548
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