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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A follow-up study of respiratory function in workers exposed to acid aerosols in a food-processing industry (1997)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 70 (1997), S. 413-418 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Key words Pickling workers ; Acid air pollution ; Follow-up study ; Respiratory symptoms ; Lung function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A follow-up investigation was performed on 49 female workers studied 2 years earlier in a vegetable-pickling plant. Acute and chronic respiratory symptoms and ventilatory capacity measurements were recorded during the original and the follow-up studies. Maximal expiratory flow-volume (MEFV) curves were recorded during the Monday morning work shift. The forced vital capacity (FVC), 1-s forced expiratory volume (FEV1), and flow rates at 50% and the last 25% of the FVC (FEF50, FEF25) were measured. There were small increases in the prevalence of chronic symptoms between the two studies for both smokers and nonsmokers, but these did not reach statistical significance. Five workers at the time of the initial study had a diagnosis of occupational asthma; only one of these was still working at the time of follow-up. Workers lost to the follow-up had lower lung function than those seen at follow-up. In workers who were followed, larger than expected mean annual declines were noted for all ventilatory capacity parameters in both smokers (FVC 0.070 l, FEV1 0.070 l; FEF50 0.355 l/s, FEF25 0.270 l/s) and nonsmokers (FVC 0.045 l, FEV1 0.045 l, FEF50 0.285 l/s; FEF25 0.130 l/s). The decrease was particularly pronounced for FEF50 and FEF25. The accelerated decline in ventilatory capacity tests noted in the female nonsmokers suggests an independent effect on lung function of work exposure in this environment. Our data confirm that work in the pickling industry, particularly in small, poorly regulated plants, has deleterious effects on respiratory function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004200050238
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Respiratory findings in mail carriers (2000)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 73 (2000), S. 136-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Key words Mail carriers ; Respiratory symptoms ; Ventilatory capacity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The results of the recording of respiratory symptoms and the measurement of lung function in 136 male postal workers employed as mail carriers were studied. In addition, the prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms in 87 male nonexposed control workers was also examined. There was a significantly higher prevalence of chronic bronchitis (25.0%) and sinusitis (38.9%) in mail carriers than in control workers (13.8%; P 〈 0.05 and 2.3%; P 〈 0.01). A logistic regression analysis performed on the results of the study of chronic respiratory symptoms of mail carriers indicated a significant (P 〈 0.001) effect of smoking in this cohort, with the exception of occupational asthma. Mail carriers who smoked had a significantly higher prevalence of chronic cough (45.3%), chronic phlegm (39.1%), chronic bronchitis (39.1%) and sinusitis (53.1%) than mail carriers who were nonsmokers (18.1%; 12.5%; 12.5% and 26.4% respectively.) (P 〈 0.01). A high prevalence of acute symptoms developing during the work-shift was recorded, in both smokers and nonsmokers, being highest for upper airway symptoms, headache (50.0%), nasal catarrh (42.6%), and eye irritation (57.4%). The results of tests for average measured ventilatory capacity (as a percentage of predicted capacity) were significantly lower than expected, particularly for maximum flow rates at the last 25% of the vital capacity (FEF25), in both smokers (68.5%) and in nonsmokers (74.2%). A multivariate analysis of lung function parameters indicated a significant effect of employment conditions. The only major identifiable occupational exposure of mail carriers was to ambient air pollution for an average of 6 h per day as well as to adverse meteorological conditions. The measured ambient concentrations of major outdoor pollutants, primarily total suspended particulates, sulfur dioxide (SO2) and black smoke exceeded considerably the recommended Croatian maximum air quality standards over the past 10 years. Our study of mail carriers demonstrated that these workers were subject to respiratory symptoms associated with their smoking habits. Lung function findings suggested that occupational exposures, possibly to atmospheric pollution in combination with adverse meteorological conditions, may have led to lung function impairment in these workers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004200050019
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Recycled Paper Dust Extracts on Isolated Guinea Pig Trachea (1998)
    Springer
    Lung 176 (1998), S. 35-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1750
    Keywords: Key words: Isolated guinea pig trachea—Paper dust extract—Airway reactivity.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The effect of paper dust collected at two different locations in a paper recycling plant (PD1 and PD2) on isolated nonsensitized guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle was studied in vitro. Dust extracts were prepared as a 1:10 w/v aqueous solution. Dose-related contractions of guinea pig tracheal rings were elicited with both PD1 and PD2. Pharmacologic studies were performed with atropine (10−6 M), indometacin (10−6 M), pyrilamine (10−6 M), LY171883 (10−5 M), nordihydroguaiaretic acid (10−5 M), and TMB8 (10−5 M). The possible role of endogenous neuropeptides in this constrictor process was studied by depleting neural mediators with capsaicin (5 × 10−6 M) before challenge with dust extracts. Constrictor effects were partially inhibited by a wide variety of the mediator blocking agents. The effects of both extracts were almost totally inhibited by the anticholinergic agent atropine, suggesting that a principal pathway mediating this response may involve the parasympathetic nervous system. The intracellular calcium-blocking agent TMB8 also induced a reduction of the contractile responses to PD1 and PD2 concsistent with the well established role of intracellular calcium in smooth muscle constriction. Pretreatment with capsaicin significantly increased the contractile activity of paper dust extracts but only at the higher doses of these extracts. This suggests that the effect of paper dust is not initiated by the release of mediators stored in sensory nerves but that the prerelease of these mediators may enhance the constrictor effects of these dusts. We suggest that paper dust extracts cause dose-related airway smooth muscle constriction possibly associated with the release of cholinergic as well as other mediators. The constrictor effect does not require tissue presensitization or the release of neuropeptides from sensory nerves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00007590
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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