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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Emulsification by the phase inversion temperature method: the role of self-bodying agents and the influence of oil polarity (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of cosmetic science 12 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Oil-in-water emulsions stabilized with nonionic emulsifiers change to water-in-oil emulsions as the temperature rises when the hydrophilic and lipophilic properties of the mixed emulsifier are just balanced. Preparation above the phase inversion temperature followed by rapid cooling yields emulsions that exhibit very fine droplet size and extreme long-term stability. Cosmetic emulsions were prepared by this phase inversion temperature (PIT) method using typical raw materials such as polar oils, e.g. decyl oleate, 2-octyl dodecanol or isopropyl myristate, and nonionic emulsifiers, e.g. ceteareth-12 or polyoxyethylene eicosyl/docosyl ether combined with cetostearyl alcohol as a co-emulsifier. The phase inversion temperature was measured as a function of the oil polarity and the concentration of mixed emulsifier. The relationship between phase inversion temperature, droplet size and emulsion stability was investigated. In addition, self-bodying agents such as cetostearyl alcohol or monoglycerides were added to these thin, fine disperse emulsions to adjust the consistency. The influence of these ingredients on phase inversion temperature, droplet size, yield value and emulsion stability was studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2494.1990.tb00537.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rheological properties of lamellar lyotropic liquid crystals (1989)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Langmuir 5 (1989), S. 1344-1346 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5827
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la00090a013
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CPS LG 315 Correlation between the phase behavior of ternary systems and removal of oil in the washing process (1987)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 265 (1987), S. 1009-1017 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Phase behavior ; oil removal ; liquid crystals ; washing process
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The correlation between the phase behavior of aqueous solutions of nonionic surfactants and the removal of oil from fabrics has been determined. Model washing experiments with pure and technical grade nonionic surfactants indicated that, in the dispersion ranges of liquid crystals, oil removal is substantially more temperature-dependent compared to micellar or surfactant liquid phases. In this phase region, interfacial tension does not seem to play a substantial role. The results are discussed in terms of the macroscopic properties of mesophases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01412405
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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