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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scanning Electron Microscopic Studies of Blastocrithidia triatomae (Trypanosomatidae) in the Rectum of Triatoma infestans (Reduviidae) (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 33 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: . The morphology of Blastocrithidia triatomae, when colonizing the rectum of Triatoma infestans, was studied by scanning electron microscopy. The posterior end of the epimastigote's body is tapered and often rolled up. The “straphangers” (cyst stages) are connected with the flagellum by “cytoplasmic bridges”; after “straphanger” detachment these bridges persist as remnants. A comparison of colonization densities of B. triatomae and Trypanosoma cruzi shows that both prefer to colonize the rectal gland, but minor density differences are apparent for B. triatomae in other rectal regions. The colonization density in established infections of B. triatomae is always greater than that of T. cruzi, especially near the midgut exit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1986.tb05604.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differences in binding of lectin-gold conjugates by Trypanosoma cruzi and Blastocrithidia triatomae (Trypanosomatidae) in the intestine of Triatoma infestans (Reduviidae) (1987)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 74 (1987), S. 5-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two species of trypanosomatid flagellates, Trypanosoma cruzi and Blastocrithidia triatomae which develop in the intestine of Triatoma infestans, were incubated with lectin-gold conjugates to demonstrate sugar components of the cell surface with the electron microscope. T. cruzi, strain “Chile 5” (zymodeme 1), bound SBA-gold, revealing N-acetyl-galactosamine and/or galactose residues. WGA-BSA-gold, specific for N-acetylglucosamine, did not bind to the surface of this flagellate. On the other hand, N-acetyl-glucosamine bound WGA-BSA-gold on the cell membrane of epimastigotes and cysts of B. triatomae, whereas SBA-gold was not bound by flagellates which were attached to the midgut epithelium and the rectum cuticle. Among other criteria, these differences in lectin binding may facilitate the discrimination of the two parasite species in the vector of Chagas' disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00534924
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Membrane feeding for infection of the reduviid bugTriatoma infestans withBlastocrithidia triatomae (Trypanosomatidae) and pathogenic effects of the flagellate (1990)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 76 (1990), S. 306-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To investigate the pathogenic effects of the trypanosomeBlastocrithidia triatomae onTriatoma infestans, a method for direct infection by in vitro feeding was developed. After isolation ofB. triatomae cysts from infected dead bugs, a suspension of cysts was disinfected with Desogen and Chloramin T, then mixed with sterile blood, spread on a sterile, parallel-grooved glass plate or a hammered aluminium plate and covered with a thin, sterile silicone membrane. The blood and plate were warmed to 36°–38° C by a heating plate. For investigation of the pathological effects, first instars ofT. infestans were allowed to feed through the membrane on a mixture containing 106 cyst stages/cm3 blood. Development of about 30% of the third and fourth instar larvae was retarded as compared with that in uninfected control groups, and mortality rates increased in fourth and/or fifth instar larvae. Whereas total mortality rates of about 5% occurred in control groups, about 85% of the larvae died in the infected groups. These effects are very similar to those obtained in previous studies with coprophagic infections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00928184
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scanning electron microscopic studies ofTrypanosoma cruzi in the rectum of its vectorTriatoma infestans (1984)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 70 (1984), S. 459-469 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The cuticular surface of the rectum ofTriatoma infestans and its colonization by aTrypanosoma cruzi strain originating from the same locality as the bugs were studied by scanning electron microscopy at different weeks post infectionem. On the basis of the cuticular folding, the rectum can be subdivided into five regions. The rectal gland has the finest structure and the region anterior to the anus the deepest folds.Try. cruzi always prefers to colonize the rectal gland, while the other regions are colonized in varying densities. Most of the flagellates are epimastigotes (long and short), except in the region at the entrance of the midgut, where trypomastigotes predominate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00926686
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ultrastructure of the cysts of Blastocrithidia triatomae Cerisola et al. 1971 (Trypanosomatidae): A freeze-fracture study (1988)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 74 (1988), S. 301-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cysts of Blastocrithidia triatomae from hosts and from in vitro cultures were investigated by freeze-fracture and freeze-etch electron microscopy. No differences in structure were observed between cysts frozen immediately and those fixed and cryoprotected with glycerol. The ultrastructure of all cysts differed considerably from that known for mastigote stages of trypanosomatids: the nuclear pores were surrounded by circular fracture-plane transitions between the inner and outer nuclear membranes; the matrix of the kinetoplast appeared banded; the mitochondrion and the endomembrane system were poorly developed; no flagellar apparatus or basal body could be found; and the subpellicular microtubules characteristic of trypanosomatids were absent. Beneath the surface membrane, a special region, 80–90 nm thick and consisting of several rows of closely packed particles was observed. Intramembrane particle (IMP) distribution on the fracture faces of the surface membrane was highly asymmetric: the ectoplasmic face had very few IMPs, whereas the protoplasmic face contained numerous, closely packed IMPs. No external cyst wall was present.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00539449
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence ofBlastocrithidia triatomae (Trypanosomatidae) on the reduviid bugTriatoma infestans: alterations in the Malpighian tubules (1988)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 75 (1988), S. 88-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To investigate the cellular basis of our recent observation that the trypanosomeBlastocrithidia triatomae disturbs excretion inTriatoma infestans, we compared the morphology and ultrastructure of Malpighian tubules in infected and noninfected bugs. Tubules of bugs infected 3–4 months before dissection did not show any morphological alterations in either the upper or lower regions. In fifth instars with a long lasting infection (9–10 months) and a correspondingly retarded larval development, the tracheal system supplying the Malpighian tubules was reduced and alterations were conspicuous in the upper region, where the tubules were slightly widened, sometimes having parts with conspicuous swellings. The cells were filled with white concretions and a strong autofluorescence was evident by fluorescence microscopy. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated an increase in the number of these concretions, even after short infection periods. In the extremely swollen parts of the tubules there was a reduction in basal cell interdigitations, mitochondria, and microvilli.B. triatomae (but also gramnegative bacteria) occurred only in these swollen parts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00932706
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rhodnius prolixus: effects of the neolignan burchellin on in vivo and in vitro diuresis (2000)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 86 (2000), S. 710-716 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Supplementation of blood with the neolignan burchellin (100 μg/ml), a compound from the arboreous Lauraceae Aniba burchelli, affected the course of excretion of fourth-instar larvae of Rhodnius prolixus, especially directly after feeding, and reduced the volume of feces/urine excreted within 6 h of feeding to about 18% and, on the simultaneous addition of the diuretic hormone analogue 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), about 71% of that observed in untreated bugs. In the latter, 5-HT induced a significant 60% increase in excretion. Regardless of whether Malpighian tubules originating from unfed, untreated or fed, burchellin-treated bugs were incubated in vitro in the hemolymph of these bugs or in physiological saline supplemented with 5-HT with or without burchellin or in homogenates of thoracic ganglionic masses of untreated and treated bugs, burchellin was consistently found to affect the secretion rates. Therefore, burchellin not only depresses the release of the diuretic hormone or induces the release of antidiuretic factors but also directly affects the Malpighian tubules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00008556
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of trypanosomes isolated from reduviidae from North Chile (1984)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 70 (1984), S. 3-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Examination of 54Triatoma infestans from a village near the European Southern Observatory La Silla in Chile and of 9Triatoma spinolai from the territory of the observatory showed that 10T. infestans were infected with trypanosomatids. Mice were infected with in vitro cultures initiated with five different trypanosomatid isolates and treated with the immunosuppressive drug cyclophosphamide to increase the parasitemia of the flagellates. Evidence of the presence ofT. cruzi was provided by a comparative biometrical analysis of blood trypomastigotes and the occurrence of intracellular amastigotes. Three methods for further identification were used: examination of kDNA ultrastructure, disc electrophoresis of soluble proteins and theAaptos papillata II lectin induced agglutination. We obtained the following results for all isolates: (1) presence of a central band of the kDNA; (2)T. cruzi specific double bands of the protein patterns; (3) positive reaction withAaptos papillata II. No differences between the five isolates from Chile andT. cruzi orT. cruzi-like strains from other countries could be observed. Based on these results an infection of the bugs withT. rangeli andT. conorhini could be excluded.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00929569
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Colonization of the rectum of Triatoma infestans by Trypanosoma cruzi studied by scanning electron microscopy: influence of blood uptake by the bug (1987)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 73 (1987), S. 417-420 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The colonization of the different regions of the rectum of Triatoma infestans by Trypanosoma cruzi was studied in unfed larvae, during and after feeding of the bug by scanning electron microscopy. The rectal pads always possessed the highest population densities, but in some bugs the main rectal sac and the region around the anus were also covered by a “carpet” of flagellates. Such high densities were never observed at the midgut/rectal junction. A slight decrease in this region might be caused by blood ingestion and the resulting excretion of urine. However, the flagellates in this region cannot be responsible for a phenomenon described by other authors, namely that the percentage of metacyclics is low in the first drop of faeces and increases in the following drops of deposited urine. Our observations indicate that metacyclics lying on the “carpet” of flagellates in bugs before and right after the start of feeding might later become loosened. In all dissections, numerous metacyclics were attached to the rectal wall. Further studies are necessary to clarify the exact origin of metacyclics in the urine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00538198
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of isolated and group-reared first instars of Triatoma infestans infected with Trypanosoma cruzi (1988)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 74 (1988), S. 593-594 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00531641
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