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  • 1
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Sympathische Reflexdystrophie ; Diagnose ; Periphere Durchblutungsstörungen ; Key words Reflex sympathetic dystrophy ; Diagnosis ; Peripheral circulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) is a pain syndrome characterized by somatosensory and motor disturbances, as well as by autonomic and trophic changes. The term is used in a descriptive sense and does not imply specific mechanisms of pathogenesis. We report on a patient who fulfilled the clinical criteria of RSD and who also displayed increasing impairment of peripheral blood supply. Angiography revealed a circumscribed stenosis of the abdominal aorta adjacent to the bifurcation. Disturbances in peripheral circulation as a potential cause of RSD are discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die sympathische Reflexdystrophie (SRD) ist ein Schmerzsyndrom, das durch sensible und motorische Störungen sowie durch vegetative und trophische Veränderungen charakterisiert ist. Die Diagnose erfolgt nach klinischen Kriterien und impliziert keine pathophysiologischen Mechanismen. Wir berichten über 1 Patientin mit SRD, deren Krankheitsverlauf durch ausgeprägte periphere Durchblutungsstörungen kompliziert wurde. Angiographisch zeigte sich eine oberhalb der Bifurkation gelegene, umschriebene Stenose der Aorta abdominalis. Die mögliche Auslösung der SRD durch Durchblutungsstörungen wird diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 92 (1993), S. 391-398 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Joint afferents ; Nociception ; Transduction ; Phorbol esters ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of β -phorbol 12, 13-dibutyrate (PDBu) on the discharge properties of slowly conducting knee joint afferents (group III and group IV fibers) were studied to determine the role of protein kinase C in nociception. Extracellular single unit recordings were made from small filaments dissected from the medial articular nerve in cats anesthetized with alphachloralose. PDBu was applied intra-arterially close to the joint in concentrations of 10-6 up to 10-4 M. The afferents were classified as low-threshold and high-threshold units with regard to their sensitivity to passive noxious and innocuous movements of the knee joint. Following PDBu application, an excitation occurred in 28% of the group III and in 40% of the group IV fibers. An enhancement of responses to passive movements of the joint (sensitization) occurred in 37% of group III and 19% of group IV afferents. In summary, 37.5% of the low-threshold and 50% of the high-threshold fibers proved to be sensitive to PDBu. Most of the PDBu-positive units responded also to bradykinin, whereas only a few PDBu-positive units were sensitive to prostaglandin I2 and E2. We conclude from these results that, in a distinct population of slowly conducting joint afferents, protein kinase C is likely to be involved in the process of transduction. Thus, pain and hyperalgesia may be mediated at least partly by intracellular mechanisms that are linked to protein kinase C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-2129
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Kopfschmerz ; Trigeminale Nozizeption ; Dura mater ; Chemonozizeption ; Key words Headache ; Trigeminal nociception ; Dura mater ; Chemonociception
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Introduction: Headache is thought to be generated by nociceptive processes within the meninges, followed by activation of trigeminal neurons within the brainstem. The noxious stimuli initially involved in these nociceptive processes are unknown. A preparation was developed in the barbiturate-anesthetized rat, in which the activation of trigeminal brain stem neurons by selective local stimulation of the dura mater could be observed. Methods: The dura mater encephali was exposed by trepanizing the parietal bone up to the sagittal superior sinus. The surface of the dura was stimulated with electrical pulses using bipolar electrodes. Extracellular recordings were made from neurons in the subnucleus interpolaris and caudalis of the spinal trigeminal nucleus. Neurons driven by meningeal afferents were identified by electrical stimulation and by probing their receptive fields on the dura mater. For chemical stimulation a combination of several inflammatory mediators (bradykinin, serotonin, histamine and prostaglandin E2, each 10−4 M, pH 6.1) was topically applied to the dura mater or injected through a catheter into the sagittal sinus. Results: Most of the trigeminal brain stem neurons with input from the parietal dura mater had convergent input from the facial skin with preponderance of the periorbital region. A high proportion of neurons (69%) could be activated by the combination of inflammatory mediators administered to the dura mater. Conclusion: We conclude that chemical stimuli activating the meningeal nociceptive system may play a decisive role in the generation of headache. This is particularly relevant for the nociceptive processes during neurogenic inflammation, which is believed to be an important step in the pathophysiology and development of migraine pain. The preparation presented here may be a valuable model for further studying the neurophysiological changes that are involved in the generation of headache.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Als Modell zum Studium der nozizeptiven Vorgänge, die von den Hirnhäuten ausgehen und beim Menschen für die Entstehung von Kopfschmerzen verantwortlich gemacht werden, wurde eine Präparation entwickelt, bei der die Aktivität trigeminaler Hirnstammneurone unter mechanischer und chemischer Stimulation der freigelegten parietalen Dura mater encephali bei Ratten in Barbituratnarkose registriert werden kann. Extrazelluläre Ableitungen wurden von 36 Neuronen im Subnucleus interpolaris/caudalis des trigeminalen Hirnstammkernes vorgenommen. Diese Neurone hatten rezeptive Felder, die entlang der A. meningea media und des Sinus sagittalis superior angeordnet waren. Alle diese Neurone wiesen zusätzlich kutane rezeptive Felder im Gesichtsbereich auf, die besonders häufig periorbital und frontal lokalisiert waren. Die Mehrzahl (69%) der trigeminalen Hirnstammzellen ließ sich durch eine Mischung aus verschiedenen Entzündungsmediatoren (Bradykinin, Serotonin, Histamin, Prostaglandin E2, alle in einer Konzentration von 10−4 M) mit einem pH von 6,1 aktivieren, wenn diese topisch auf die freigelegte Dura mater appliziert wurde. Die Injektion der Mischung in den Sinus sagittalis superior erregte die Hälfte der Neurone, die in der Nähe des Sinus ein rezeptives Feld aufwiesen. Die Ergebnisse werden im Hinblick auf die Verteilung der rezeptiven Felder, die wirksamen Stimuli und deren mögliche Relevanz für die meningeale Nozizeption und die Kopfschmerzentstehung diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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