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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exposure to pets, and the association with hay fever, asthma, and atopic sensitization in rural children (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 60 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  An increasing number of studies report pet exposure to be associated with lower risk of asthma and allergies. This ‘protective pet effect’ has been suggested to result from a modified T-helper (Th)2-cell response, or because of increased microbial load in homes where pets are kept. We examined the associations between pet contact and the occurrence of asthma and allergies in children of the rural Allergy and Endotoxin (ALEX) population, taking farm animal contact, endotoxin and cat allergen levels in mattress dust into account.Methods:  Information about contact with pets and farm animals, asthma and allergy were collected for 812 children by a standardized parents’ questionnaire and an interview. Mattress dust endotoxin and cat allergen levels as well as specific IgE and IgG4 antibodies to Fel d1 were determined.Results:  Current contact with dogs was inversely associated with diagnosed hay fever (OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.11–0.57), diagnosed asthma (OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.12–0.71), sensitization to cat allergen (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.23–0.99) and to grass pollen (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.33–0.94), but not with increased IgG4 levels. Early and current contact with cats were associated with reduced risk of wheezing (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.23–1.00, and OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.26–0.92, respectively) and grass pollen sensitization. Adjustment for farm animal contact but not for endotoxin and cat allergen exposure attenuated these associations and the effect of pet was stronger among farmers’ children.Conclusion:  Although pet exposure was very frequent in this rural population, the inverse relation between current dog contact, asthma and allergy was mostly explained by simultaneously occurring exposure to stable animals or was restricted to farm children. In addition, a subtle form of pet avoidance may contribute to the protective effect of pet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2004.00645.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determinants of endotoxin levels in living environments of farmers' children and their peers from rural areas (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 34 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Lower frequencies of asthma and hayfever have been observed in children with contact to livestock. At school age, the amount of endotoxin measured in the dust of children's mattresses is inversely related to the occurrence of atopic asthma, hayfever and atopic sensitization both in children from farming and non-farming households.Objective The aim of the present study was to investigate which home and lifestyle characteristics of farm and non-farm families contribute to endotoxin levels measured in different indoor home environments.Methods In the framework of the Allergy and Endotoxin (ALEX) Study, endotoxin was measured in dust samples from the living room floor and the child's mattress of 319 farmers' families and 493 non-farming families, and in settled dust from stables. Endotoxin content of all dust samples was determined by a kinetic Limulus assay (Limulus-Amebocyte-Lysate test). Information about the child's activities on farms, home characteristics and cleaning behaviours was obtained from parental questionnaires.Results Endotoxin levels in stables did not predict the amount of endotoxin measured in floors or mattresses. However, a dose-dependent association between the child's activity on the farm and indoor home endotoxin levels was observed, both in farm and non-farm children. In non-farm children pet keeping and the frequency of floor cleaning were additionally associated with endotoxin levels, whereas in farm children parental farm activities, study area, time since last cleaning, the mattress type as well as younger age of the children contributed to increased microbial exposure.Conclusion These results demonstrate that regular contact to farm animals increases indoor home endotoxin concentrations, both in farm and non-farm children, and might thus explain the protective effect of contact to livestock on atopic outcomes. To assess children's individual exposure to a microbial environment, measures of mattress dust exposure are needed as stable endotoxin concentrations were not associated with indoor home levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.01873.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-term platinum excretion in patients treated with cisplatin (1995)
    Springer
    Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 36 (1995), S. 75-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Keywords: Key words Cisplatin ; Pharmacokinetics ; Urinary platinum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The purpose of this study was to determine long-term renal platinum excretion after chemotherapy with cisplatin. We examined urinary platinum concentrations in 23 men at 150–3022 days after anticancer treatment for testicular neoplasm. Spot urine samples were analyzed by voltammetry. This new, subtle method with a detection limit of 2 pg platinum allows determination of even the natural background level. Urinary platinum concentrations in our patients ranged between 0.74 and 77.24 μg/g creatinine, depending on the total delivered dose and follow-up period. Regression analysis of the data showed two phases of long-term renal platinum excretion, one occurring at between 150 and 900 days of follow-up and the other with an onset at 900 days after cisplatin administration (r 1 2 = 0.82, r 2 2 = 0.88). Two biological half-lives of 160 and 720 days were calculated. Our results show that urinary platinum concentrations determined at 8 years after cisplatin therapy are 40 times higher than the background level (up to 0.02 μg/g creatinine). Our findings on the long-term pharmacokinetics of this anticancer agent may facilitate further studies on sites of platinum storage in the human body as well as clinical studies on the late adverse effects of cisplatin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00685736
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dust exposure in Munich public transportation: a comprehensive 4-year survey in buses and trams (2000)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 73 (2000), S. 209-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Key words Particulates ; PM10 ; Dust ; Public transport ; Vehicles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objectives: Published data obtained from outdoor stationary sampling stations cannot be applied directly to the exposure situation in vehicles. The aim of this study, therefore, was to assess the dust exposure relevant to passengers and drivers in public buses and trams. Method: In the years 1993 to 1996, PM10 samples were taken during 201 journeys of typically 4 h duration on 14 routes (nine bus routes, five tramways) which were representative for the overall Munich transportation system with respect to area characteristics and traffic density. The concentrations of the samples were compared with those collected at the same time at sampling stations of the Bavarian State Office for Environmental Protection (OEP). Dust exposure was continuously and synchronously recorded by means of a tyndallometric device. Traffic and passenger density, weather conditions, special events, etc. were noted by our personnel, travelling on every journey. Results: The average PM10 dust concentration for all rides was 155 μg/m3 (single journey max. 686 μg/m3, min. 13 μg/m3). Interior concentrations were 1.7 to 4.0 times above those collected at the static outdoor stations. We found only minor associations between dust concentrations and traffic density or time of day. During several journeys continuous recording disclosed anomalies, dependence on weather conditions and cyclic track characteristics. Conclusions: Interior PM10 particulate concentrations were comparable to those found elsewhere in truck drivers' cabs and are in the region of German regulative limits established for the general population's long term outdoor exposure. Indoor concentrations were well above the values found at stationary outdoor stations. Additional continuous recording of dust concentrations proved to be helpful in unveiling anomalies and dependencies on external effectors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004200050029
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aluminium speciation in soil solutions as studied by size exclusion chromatography (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 103 (1987), S. 151-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Aluminium ; graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry ; size exclusion chromatography ; soil solutions speciation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Size exclusion chromatography was used for the fractionation of the aqueous extracts taken from different soil horizons (LOf, Oh, Ah, 15 and 35 cm). The aluminium content in the fractions was determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. In the fractions obtained from the LOf, Oh and Ah horizons, a great part of the total aluminium was bound to organic molecules. Over 90% of the aluminium in mineral soil solutions (15 and 35 cm depth) was of low molecular weight or associated with those species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370683
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of acid irrigation and liming in a norway spruce stand (Picea abies [L.] KARST.) (1989)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 48 (1989), S. 111-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Acid irrigation (pH 2.7 to 2.8; mean annual input 4.1 kmol H+ ha−1 as H2SO4) has caused significant changes in the chemistry of the soil of a mature Norway spruce stand (Picea abies [L.] KARST.) after 4 years of treatment. In the surface humus layer around 20% of the exchangeable Ca, Mg, K and Mn ions were leached. This was connected with a decrease of pH and cation exchange capacity. In the mineral soil no changes of pH and cation adsorption were observed. However there was a significant increase of Al3+ ions in the soil solution, exceeding 20 mg L−1, mainly caused by dissolution of Al-hydroxides and Al-hydroxosulphates. Also the concentrations of ionic Cu, Zn and Cd were nearly doubled. Manganese concentrations are fluctuating according to periods with and without acid irrigation, showing reduction and oxidation phases. In contrast to microorganisms, certain moss species and Oxalis acetosella, the mature spruce stand was not severely damaged up to now. It is hypothesized that Ca/Al and Mg/Al ratios of single horizons are insufficient for characterizing Al stress in the field. Liming (4 Mg ha−1) led to a significant increase of dissolved organic C, which is associated with mobilization of metals such as Pb, Cu and Al in organic complexation. Also nitrification increased in the surface humus layer. As a consequence the nitrate concentrations in the seepage water exceeded 250 mg NO3 L−1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00282373
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of liming in a Norway spruce stand (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) (1991)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 27 (1991), S. 39-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: Liming ; dolomite ; Norway spruce ; nitrate ; heavy metals ; DOC
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01048607
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