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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 331 (1989), S. 447-460 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Investigations on Photolysis of Diaryliodonium SaltsThe photolysis of diaryliodonium salts in solution leads to various competitive and consecutive reactions. Upon irradiation, the excited state desactivates mainly through homolytic cleavage of the C—I-bond, but to a minor extent also through heterolytic cleavage of the same bond. Thus, several photolysis products have been obtained: aromatics, new iodonium salts, iodoaromatics, substitution products of the solvent, protonic acid in aqueous solutions, iodide and iodate ions and iodine. In the case of diphenyliodonium iodide the yields of iodine are higher compared to those of other salts because of electron transfer processes. The quantum yields of the disappearance of the iodonium salt (ΦI) and of the formation of protonic acids (ΦP) are equal within the experimental error. These values do not depend on the nature of the solvent, with the exception of H-donor solvents, on the initial salt concentration and on oxygen. But, they depend strongly on the light intensity and on the substituent at the aromatic ring. The ΦP-data also depend on the oxidation potential of the anion used. For diphenyliodonium chloride, the quantum yield of iodobenzene formation reaches only the half of the values for ΦI and ΦP. A kinetic scheme is given for the explanation of the light intensity dependence, which is based on 1. and 2. order reactions of intermediates formed by the homolytic pathway. It is assumed, that the electron transfer reaction by iodide salts proceeds only between the iodide ion and the intermediate products.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The application of α-substituted aliphatic azo alkanes as photoinitiators in radical polymerization was investigated with four model compounds. It was found, that α-hydroperoxy and α-hydroxy-azo-alkanes by excitation of the nπ*-transition decompose with quantum yields between 0.40 and 1.0 to form radicals, which are able to initiate a radical polymerization. The primary photoproducts of α-hydroxy-azo-alkanes are diazenes, which fragmentate thermally. Radicals formed by photolysis of α-hydroperoxy-azo-alkanes add to methyl methacrylate with higher efficiency than those of the photolysis of α-hydroxy-azo-alkanes. Because of the unefficient C—N-bond cleavage by irradiation the α-chloro and α-acetoxy substituted azo alkanes cannot be used as photoinitiators.
    Notes: An Hand von vier Modellverbindungen wird geprüft, inwieweit α-substituierte aliphatische Azoverbindungen als Photoinitiatoren für eine radikalische Polymerisation geeignet sind. α-Hydroperoxy- und α-Hydroxyazoalkane zerfallen nach Anregung ihres nπ*-Übergangs mit Quantenausbeuten zwischen 0,40 und 1,0 in radikalische Produkte, die eine Polymerisation auslösen können. Das primäre Photoprodukt der α-Hydroxyazoalkane ist offensichtlich ein Diazen, das anschließend fragmentiert. Bei der Photopolymerisation von Methylmethacrylat addieren sich die aus α-Hydroperoxyazoalkanen entstehenden Radikale mit einer höheren Effizienz als die der Photolyse von α-Hydroxyazoalkanen. Das führt auch zu einer höheren Quantenausbeute der durch α-Hydroperoxyazoalkane initiierten Photopolymerisation. α-Chlor- und α-acetoxy-substituierte Azoalkane sind nicht als Photoinitiatoren verwendbar, da deren Photoanregung zu keiner effektiven C—N-Bindungsspaltung führt.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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