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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Pseudorabies Virus on the Neuronal Properties of PC 12 Cells (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 56 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The effect of pseudorabies virus on neuronal functions was investigated in PC12 cells. During the period investigated, choline acetyltransferase was not affected, while the acetylcholinesterase activity declined steadily starting at 12 h post infection (p.i.), reaching its minimal level of 40% of the control value at 24 h p.i. In contrast, the activity of tyrosine hydroxylase, the key enzyme in catecholamine synthesis, increased to 150% of the control level by 15 h p.i., dropping off slowly with the appearance of viral cytopathology. In parallel, the infection induced, by a process independent of the extracellular Ca2+, an increased release of dopamine at 11 h p.i., followed by noradrenaline at 20 h p.i. In the infected cells, the intracellular content of catecholamine was maintained only in the presence of a high amount of catecholamine precursors in the culture medium. Three plaque-forming units per cell was the minimal multiplicity of infection required to obtain the maximal changes in enzyme activities; higher multiplicities induced more rapidly the maximal effects on tyrosine hydroxylase and acetylcholinesterase. Inhibition of DNA synthesis did not prevent the increase in tyrosine hydroxylase activity; however, protein synthesis was required. In conclusion, infection of the PC12 cells with pseudorabies virus induced significant changes in catecholaminergic and cholinergic metabolism, indicating the ability of this virus to interfere selectively with specialized neuronal functions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1991.tb02006.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Medikamentöse und psychologische Therapien bei chronischem subjektivem Tinnitus Metaanalyse zur Therapieeffektivität (2000)
    Springer
    HNO 48 (2000), S. 589-597 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0458
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Chronischer Tinnitus ; Metaanalyse ; Medikamentöse Behandlungen ; Psychologische Behandlungen ; Keywords Chronic tinnitus ; Metaanalysis ; Pharmacological treatment ; Psychological treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract A metaanalysis on pharmacological and psychological treatment reports was conducted in order to evaluate the overall effectiveness of these treatment conditions in chronic tinnitus. A totality of 109 treatment studies published between 1976 and 3/1995 and meeting minimal inclusion criteria was located, but only 24 studies reporting sufficient information could be analyzed. The methodological quality of the studies was evaluated by a coding scheme, and the resulting index of effectiveness has been weighted by this standard as well as by sample size. Effect sizes of pharmacological studies were ES=1.27 and by this higher than the ones for psychological studies with ES=0.88. This finding is attenuated by high (unspecific) placebo effects of ES=0.65 in pharmacological studies compared to ES=0.10 in psychological studies. In general, patients from psychological studies further improve after treatment in cases where catamnestic measurements have been conducted.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Zur Abschätzung der Therapieeffektivität medikamentöser und psychologischer Verfahren wurde eine Metaanalyse der publizierten Therapiestudien durchgeführt. Aus den unmittelbaren Erfolgsmaßen der Primärstudien wurden direkt vergleichbare Effektstärken berechnet. Zur Auswertung kamen 109 Therapiestudien, die zwischen 1976 und 3/1995 publiziert wurden. Die methodische Qualität der Primärstudien wurde nach einem Kriterienkatalog bestimmt, dabei fand sich eine vielfach recht unbefriedigende methodische Qualität der Primärstudien. Die jeweils gefundene Methodenqualität wurde zur Gewichtung der Therapieeffektivität herangezogen. Aufgrund unzureichender Daten in den Primärstudien konnten nur 24 Studien metaanalytisch ausgewertet werden. Die Effektstärken für die medikamentösen Therapien liegen mit ES=1,27 höher als die für die psychologischen mit ES=0,88. Dieser Befund wird durch die hohen unspezifischen (“Placebo-”) Effekte von ES=0,65 bei den medikamentösen Studien und ES=0,10 bei den psychologischen Studien relativiert. Soweit Katamnesen durchgeführt wurden, erfahren Patienten nach psychologischen Therapien im Gegensatz zu medikamentösen Therapien in der Regel noch eine Steigerung des therapeutischen Effekts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001060050621
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gastro-oesophageal reflux in children: comparison of different durations, positions and sleep-awake periods of pH monitoring in the same patient (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 152 (1993), S. 880-883 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Gastro-oesophageal reflux ; Monitoring, physiologic ; Child ; Oesophagus ; Vomiting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A group of 72 children (mean age: 21.7 months, range: 14 days–19 years) with symptoms of gastrooesophageal reflux were investigated by 22 h pH monitoring. Using a Proxeda software, we compared, in the same patient, the specificity and sensitivity of pH monitoring during 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 12 nocturnal hours and 3 postprandial hours, as well as the influence of position and the sleep and alert periods. Results showed that all the short pH monitorings were statistically less sensitive than 22 h pH monitoring (P〈0.025). As regards specificity, only the 12 nocturnal hours pH monitoring was not statistically different from the 22 h pH monitoring. Gastro-oesophageal reflux was more frequent when the patient was awake than during sleep. pH monitoring seemed more reliable in the recumbent than in the upright position. We conclude that long-term pH monitoring (22 h) is the test of choice to diagnose gastro-oesophageal reflux because it included sleep and alert periods as well as different positions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01957521
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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