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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Sensors and Actuators 4 (1983), S. 207-220 
    ISSN: 0250-6874
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Solid State Electronics 15 (1972), S. 393-402 
    ISSN: 0038-1101
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Solid State Electronics 12 (1969), S. 267-275 
    ISSN: 0038-1101
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physica B+C 129 (1985), S. 337-341 
    ISSN: 0378-4363
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Electrical engineering 72 (1989), S. 113-123 
    ISSN: 1432-0487
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents The enhancement of the electric field by free carriers and the associated avalanche generation (dynamical avalanche) during turn-off of GTO-thyristors and IGBTs are studied on the base of one-dimensional numerical simulations. The snubberless element is assumed to switch an inductive load. For the usual gate turn-off of GTOs as well as for the GTO-cascode turn-off, which in its internal mode of operation agrees with the IGBT switch-off process, the field enhancement by free carriers amounts to 20 to 30% in cases discussed in the paper. This results in a reduction of the safe operating area and a significant enhancement of switch-off losses for current and voltage values not far away from the SOA limit. Compared with the space charge of holes obtained from their current and drift velocity, however, the dynamical field enhancement is small. This is due to a high degree of compensation of the hole charge in the space charge layer by electrons, which after the termination of injection from then emitter (or source, respectively) are generated by the dynamical avalanche. In this way the avalanche process limits and controls itself. The self-controlled dynamical avalanche governs largely the sweepingout of carriers and voltage build-up during the storage phase of the GTO-cascode and IGBT turn-off process.
    Notes: Übersicht Die Felderhöhung durch freie Ladungsträger und die dadurch ausgelöste Avalanche-Generation (dynamischer Avalanche) beim Abschalten von GTO-Thyristoren und IGBTs werden mit Hilfe eindimensionaler Simulationsrechnungen untersucht. Mit dem snubberlosen Schaltelement wird eine induktive Last geschaltet. Sowohl bei der üblichen GTO-Abschaltung als auch bei der GTO-Kaskodenabschaltung, die im inneren Funktionsablauf mit der IGBT-Abschaltung übereinstimmt, beträgt die Feldüberhöhung in den dargestellten Fällen 20 bis 30%. Dies führt zu einer Verkleinerung des sicheren Arbeitsbereichs und einer erheblichen Vergrößerung der Abschaltverluste für Strom-und Spannungswerte, die nicht weit von der SOA-Grenze entfernt liegen. Verglichen mit der Raumladung der Löcher, die sich aus deren Strom und Driftgeschwindigkeit ergibt, ist die dynamische Feldüberhöhung jedoch gering. Dies beruht auf einer weitgehenden Kompensation der Löcher in der Raumladungszone durch Elektronen, die nach Beendigung der Injektion aus demn-Emitter (bzw. dem Source) durch den dynamischen Avalanche generiert werden. Letzterer begrenzt und steuert sich auf diese Weise selbst. Der selbstkontrollierte dynamische Avalanche bestimmt weitgehend das Ausräumen der Ladungsträger und den Spannungsaufbau während der Speicherphase der GTO-Kaskodenund IGBT-Abschaltung.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Electrical engineering 74 (1990), S. 15-23 
    ISSN: 1432-0487
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Übersicht Es wird eine schnellepnn +-Leistungsdiode beschrieben, deren Rückwärtserholungsverhalten (Recovery-Verhalten) infolge einer sich selbst anpassendenp-Emitter Efficiency stark verbessert ist. Diep-Zone besteht aus einemp +-Bereich mit hohem Emitterwirkungsgrad und einemp-Bereich mit niedrigem Injektionsvermögen der denp +-Bereich dicht durchsetzt. Die laterale Ausdehnung derp +-Gebiete zwischen denp-Teillen sowie das vertikale Dotierungsprofil desp-Bereichs werden so, gewählt, daß der hohe Emitterwirkungsgrad desp +-Bereichs erst bei hohen Strömen wirksam wird und die Durchlaßspannung verkleinert. Bis zum üblichen betriebsmäßigen Durchlaßstrom ist die Ladungsträgerkonzentration an der Anodenseite der Basis kleiner als amnn +-Übergang. Dies führt beim Kommutieren zu einer starken Verkleinerung der Rückstromspitze und einem wesentlich weicheren Abfall des Rückstroms (Soft-Recovery-Verhalten) als bei üblichen schnellen Dioden gleicher Durchlaß- und Sperrspannung. Simulationsrechnungen wie auch Meßergebnisse zur Wirkungsweise und zum Schaltverhalten werden vorgestellt.
    Notes: Contents A fastpnn + power diode is described, which due to a self-adaptingp emitter efficiency shows an essentially improved reverse recovery behaviour. Thep emitter consists of ap + region with high injection efficiency and of ap region which has low injection efficiency and densely intersperses thep + region. The lateral extension of thep + areas between thep elements and the vertical doping profile of thep region are chosen in such a manner, that the high efficiency of thep + region becomes effective only at high currents, reducing the forward voltage drop. Up to the normal operative forward current the carrier concentration at the anode side of the base region is smaller than near thenn + junction. By commutation, this results in a strong reduction of the peak reverse current and a significantly softer reverse current decay compared with standard diodes designed for the same forward and blocking voltages. Modeling calculations as well as measurements on the operation principle and switching behaviour are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 171 (1963), S. 537-559 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract An elastic state in arbitrarily anisotropic cylinders is considered for the case in which the displacement does not vary in the direction of the axis. The first and second boundary-value problem are solved for the half-plane and the infinite plane with an elliptic hole as cross sections of the cylinders. With the aid of these solutions one can treat further domains by the method of successive approximation. For a general cross section the problem leads to a system of integral equations. The strain fields about straight dislocation lines parallel to the surface (which may be free from applied stress) are special cases of the treated state of deformation. The solution is given for 1) dislocations in a half-space, 2) dislocations in an infinite plate (through a recursion formula), 3) a dislocation in an infinite solid out of which an elliptic cylinder is cut containing the dislocation line. — From the strain one obtains a formula for the intensity distribution of X-rays reflected under certain conditions by a dislocation parallel to the surface of a half-space. Numerical results are given for two dislocations in Germanium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 203 (1967), S. 17-36 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A dynamical theory of X-ray diffraction is formulated, which is not only applicable to ideal but also to deformed crystals. Wavefields are considered which are not in dynamical equilibrium and hence possess space variable amplitudes; in deformed lattices the wave-vectors too are weakly variable. For the amplitudes, generalized dynamical equations are derived which form a set of hyperbolic differential equations of first order. They differ fromEwald-Laue's equations by a term expressing the deviation from equlibrium; in addition the coefficients vary as components of the deformation tensor. The equations allow a direct transition from the usual dynamical theory in the ideal crystal to the kinematical approach. In the two-beam case a differential equation for the amplitude ratio is given. For very weak distortions the general equations contain as a special case the “method of modified Blochwaves”. The deformation limits where the methods apply have been pointed out.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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