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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pediatric radiology 7 (1978), S. 121-123 
    ISSN: 1432-1998
    Keywords: Pneumopericardium ; Foreign body aspiration ; Echocardiography ; Pathogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A case of pneumopericardium in an infant complicating aspiration of a foreign body is reported. In addition to X-ray studies echocardiography is valuable for the control of the disease. The pathogenesis and the treatment are discussed and a short review of the literature is given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 145 (1997), S. 218-224 
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Dilatative Kardiomyopathie ; Kindesalter ; Diagnostik ; Therapie ; Prognose ; Key words Dilative cardiomyopathy ; Childhood ; Therapeutic options ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Dilative cardiomyopathy is characterized by dilatation and impaired contraction of the left or both ventricles. In childhood it has often unknown causes or is the sequela of myocarditis with or without virus persistence with or without autoimmunological components. Other causes are systemic or metabolic disorders or a previous adriblastintherapy. Dilative cardiomyopathy is rare. It presents clinically as congestive heart failure, in a quarter of the cases there are thromboembolic complications. Diagnosis is made by echocardiography, but invasive procedures can disclose specific causes and give further therapeutic options. Therapy consists of digitalis, diuretics and ACE-inhibitors. It should be augmented by a careful β-blockade and anticoagulation. Concerning the bad prognosis (1 year survival 75 %, 5 years survival 60 %) dilative cardiomyopathy is the most frequent indication for heart transplantation.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die dilatative Kardiomyopathie ist charakterisiert durch eine Dilatation und Funktionseinschränkung des linken oder beider Ventrikel. Neben unbekannten Ursachen findet sie sich im Kindesalter am häufigsten als Folgezustand einer Myokarditis mit oder ohne Viruspersistenz, mit oder ohne autoimmunologische Komponente. Weiterhin kommen spezifische Ursachen wie System- oder Stoffwechselerkrankungen oder ein Adriblastinschaden in Frage. Die dilatative Kardiomyopathie ist im Kindesalter ausgesprochen selten. Klinisch fällt sie durch die Herzinsuffizienz auf, in 1/4 der Fälle treten Halbseitenlähmungen auf. Die Diagnose stützt sich auf die echokardiographischen Befunde. Die invasive Diagnostik deckt spezifische Ursachen auf und kann zu anderen therapeutischen Optionen verhelfen. Die Therapie mit Digitalis, Diuretika und ACE-Hemmern ist unbestritten und sollte um eine einschleichende, vorsichtige β-Blockade und eine Antikoagulation erweitert werden. In Anbetracht der schlechten Prognose (1-Jahres-Überlebensrate 75 %, 5-Jahres-Überlebensrate 60 %) stellt die dilatative Kardiomyopathie die häufigste Indikation zur Herztransplantation dar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 148 (2000), S. 666-672 
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Fetale Tachyarrhythmie ; Elektrophysiologie ; Antiarrhythmische Therapie ; Nicht immunogener Hydrops fetalis ; Key words Fetal tachyarrhythmia ; Electrophysiology ; Antiarrhythmic drug therapy ; Non-immune hydrops fetalis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Fetal supraventricular tachycardia and atrial flutter are life-threatening dysrhythmias, which, untreated, may cause non-immune fetal hydrops and may lead to fetal death. In the literature optimal management and the way of antiarrhythmic maternal and more recently fetal drug therapy remains controversial. The aim of this article is to report on the problems of therapy of fetal tachyarrhythmias and to summarize current knowledge. After diagnosing the arrhythmia with the help of M mode or doppler echocardiography perinatologists, neonatologists and pediatric cardiologists have to decide on the further proceedings individually. The fetus without signs of hydrops can often be treated successfully with digoxin administered to the mother. In fetuses with tachycardia- induced hydrops digoxin is the drug of first choice, too. They, however, need significantly more antiarrhythmic drugs and longer therapy for cardioversion into sinusrhythm, which is achieved less frequently than in fetuses without hydrops. In hydrops patients a further option is direct fetal therapy with drug application into the umbilical vein. Longterm prognosis seems to be excellent regardless of the severity of illness at clinical presentation.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Hintergrund: Die supraventrikulären Tachykardien und das Vorhofflattern des Fetus sind lebensbedrohliche Rhythmusstörungen, die unbehandelt zu einem nicht immunogenen Hydrops fetalis und frühen Absterben des Fetus führen können. In der Literatur finden sich zahlreiche, oft widersprüchliche Kasuistiken über das Management der Patienten und die Möglichkeiten der antiarrhythmischen maternen und neuerdings auch fetalen Therapie. Ziel dieser Übersicht ist es, die Problematik der Behandlung fetaler Tachyarrhythmien aufzuzeigen und bisherige gesicherte Erkenntnisse zusammenzufassen. Therapie: Nach Diagnosestellung der Arrhythmie mittels Echokardiographie im M-Mode- oder Doppler-Verfahren muß in Zusammenarbeit von Perinatologen, Neonatologen und pädiatrischen Kardiologen über das Prozedere individuell entschieden werden. Feten ohne Zeichen des Hydrops sind mit Digoxin häufig erfolgreich transplazentar zu behandeln. Auch bei Feten mit Tachykardie-bedingtem Hydrops ist Digoxin das Medikament erster Wahl. Sie benötigen jedoch signifikant mehr antiarrhythmische Medikamente und eine längere Therapiedauer bis zur Kardioversion in einen Sinusrhythmus, der seltener als bei Feten ohne Hydrops erreicht wird. Eine weitere Therapieoption bei diesen Patienten ist die direkte fetale Therapie mit Medikamentenapplikation über die Nabelschnurvene. Progose: Die Langzeitprognose der Patienten scheint nach ersten Angaben aus der Literatur unabhängig von der Schwere der Erkrankung bei Diagnosestellung gut zu sein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 147 (1988), S. 558-558 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 148 (1988), S. 220-227 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Noonan syndrome ; Growth ; Ullrich-Turner syndrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have analysed growth and the major clinical manifestations of 144 patients (89 males, 55 females) with Noonan syndrome from two West German centres. Size at birth was normal in both sexes. In both males and females, the mean height followed along the 3rd per centile until puberty, but decreased transiently due to an approximately 2 year delay in onset of puberty. Final height approaches the lower limits of normal at the end of the 2nd decade of life. The mean adult height was found to be (n=20) 162.5 cm in males and (n=13) 152.7 cm in females, respectively. Smoothed means and standard deviations for height were derived. These data may be used for the statistical evaluation of height of Noonan syndrome patients. Except for mental retardation and microcephaly, which are more frequent in males, the relative frequencies of minor anomalies and malformations were found to be similar in both sexes. The characteristic non-cyanotic heart defects in the Noonan Syndrome do not appear to have a major influence on growth. The auxological data were compared with those in the Ullrich-Turner syndrome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 138 (1982), S. 211-215 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Endomyocardial biopsy ; Myocardial diseases in infancy and childhood
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract By modification of a miniaturized technique for transcatheter endomyocardial biopsy, it was possible to insert a bioptome through a 6 French catheter in 15 infants and children aged 40 days to 17 years and weighing 3.5 to 55kg. Eight right and 7 left ventricular biopsies were performed, and the specimens were examined by light and electron microscopy. In one child we failed to obtain a specimen. There were no complications. Diagnoses to be either proved or excluded were hypertrophic or dilated cardiomyopathy, endocardial fibroelastosis, glycogen and lipid storage disease, tumours and myocarditis. Morphological examination was diagnostic in 2 cases, helpful in 10 cases and of no help in 2 cases. By this technique it is possible to prove endomyocardial diseases with a high degree of reliability in infants and children without increasing risk or stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: QT-syndrome ; Adams-Stokes-attack ; Ventricular tachyarrhythmia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Forty children with presumed ventricular tachyarrhythmic syncopes in the absence of structural heart disease were studied. Twenty-nine patients, one of whom was deaf, had a prolonged QT-interval in the resting electrocardiogram (Group 1); eleven patients had a normal QT-interval (Group 2). The median QTc-interval was 0.51s in Group 1 and 0.40s in Group 2. Familial occurence suggesting autosomal dominant inheritance was found in 21 of 28 normally hearing patients in Group 1 and in 2 of 11 patients in Group 2. Syncopes were definitely stress-induced in 22 patients in Group 1 and in all 11 patients in Group 2. Of 23 patients in Group 1 in whom an electrocardiogram was obtained during physical exercise, only one showed severe ventricular dysrhythmia. In contrast, all eleven patients in Group 2 developed severe ventricular dysrhythmia with exercice. Treatment with beta-blocking medication prevented further syncopes in 15 of 19 patients with several previous attacks in Group 1 and in 3 of 5 patients of Group 2. Four of the 29 patients in Group 1 died suddenly and one more remained apallic after an attack. Of the 11 patients in Group 2, four died suddenly and one retains severe cerebral damage after resuscitation from ventricular fibrillation. We conclude that, besides the group of patients with the long QT-syndrome, there may be a distinct group of patients with a consistently normal QT-interval and severe ventricular dysrhythmia with exercise. Patients of both groups are threatened by sudden death and are improved by treatment with beta-blocking medication.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Diphtheritic carditis ; Electrocardiography ; Echocardiography ; Enzyme diagnostic ; Clinical picture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract During 1992–1996 we observed 122 children with diphtheria, 49 with the toxic form, in the region of Nizhny Novgorod in Russia. Sixty-four patients suffered from diphtheric carditis, 9 died. The clinical picture was characterized by a rapid development of heart and circulatory failure. ECG showed QRS alterations with intraventricular conduction impairment, sinus node dysfunction, ectopic rhythm disturbances and repolarization disturbances in all patients with carditis. Infarction-like ECG changes were typical for the pseudocoronary form with the worst prognosis. Echocardiographically there was left ventricular (LV) dilatation and depressed LV function, whereas LV muscle mass was increased. Myoglobin, LDH and CPK levels were elevated in each patient demonstrating significant differences between the various courses of disease. Conclusion In diphtheria, the extent of hypermyoglobinaemia (〉2000 ng/ml) and an increased LDH1/LDH2 (〉1) ratio are reliable markers for the development of carditis indicating a poor prognosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 149 (1990), S. 452-456 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Marfan syndrome ; Cardiovascular manifestation ; Height and weight per centiles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Forty-eight children and adolescents (mean age 10.5 years, range 1.25–18 years) with clinical evidence of Marfan syndrome were studies. Height and weight percentiles were established. Cardiac dimensions and morphology were studied by M-mode and 2D-echocardiography. At diagnosis left atrial and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter and left ventricular posterior wall thickness were within normal limits except in a few adolescent patients. Interventricular septum was thickened in about 20% and aortic diameter increased in 56% of the patients. An additional 13% of patients developed aortic dilation during the study period. At diagnosis regression analysis revealed a significant (P〈0.05) correlation of the aortic diameter, septal thickness and the posterior left ventricular wall thickness and body surface area. Follow up studies of 19 patients allowed documentation of the development of aortic root dilation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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