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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wood-polymer combinations: Bonding of alkoxysilane coupling agents to wood (1985)
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 19 (1985), S. 75-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary Trembling aspen has been impregnated with the coupling agent γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and the hygroscopicity and antishrink efficiency measured before and after water extraction. There was a hygroscopicity depression with treatment, but not enough to account for the observed antishrink efficiencies. There was limited reversibility after water extraction. This indicated that the wood was interacting with part of the sorbed silane more strongly than with water, and that there was a diversity of sorption environments within the wood-silane complex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00354755
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water vapour diffusion and adsorption characteristics of sugar maple (Acer saccharum, Marsh.) wood polymer composites (1993)
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 27 (1993), S. 421-427 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary Water vapour diffusion characteristics and adsorption isotherms were determined for cell-lumen and cell-wall treated wood polymer composites (WPC). The diffusion coefficients of the cell-lumen WPC were lower than untreated wood and the cell-wall WPC coefficients were lower than cell-lumen. Using the Hailwood and Horrobin sorption model, it was found that the unimolecular layer is formed at lower moisture contents in WPC than in wood. The amount of free dissolved water was reduced only in the cell-wall WPC. The polymer reduces the water vapour accessibility in both types of WPC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00193864
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hygroscopicity of wood impregnated with linseed oil (1980)
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 14 (1980), S. 107-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary The reduction in hygroscopicity as spruce wood is impregnated with linseed oil may be accounted for using a molecular exclusion model. On the basis of the model, each linseed oil molecule appears to displace 90 water molecules and occupy 6 hydrogen bonding sites in the wood.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00584040
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wood-polymer combinations: The chemical modification of wood by alkoxysilane coupling agents (1985)
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 19 (1985), S. 67-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary Vinyl polymers in wood-polymer combinations fill cell cavities but do not bond to nor enter cell walls to any noticeable extent. The wood dimensional stability thus remains virtually unchanged. Nonleachable-bulking treatments which react with the cell wall material tend to diminish wood strength properties and do not appear to show promise for providing a link between the cell wall and the polymer. Alkoxysilane coupling agents are widely used to modify the interface between dissimilar materials, such as glass fibers and thermoplastic or thermosetting resins. The coupling agent γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane was used in this study with trembling aspen, white birch and eastern white pine woods. Antishrink efficiencies comparable to those reported for reactive chemical wood modifiers were obtained. This treatment did not require acidic or basic reaction conditions which could cause wood strength reductions. Its effects upon wood strength and the extent of bonding to the cell wall are presently under investigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00354754
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elasticity of wood and wood polymer composites in tension compression and bending (1991)
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 25 (1991), S. 361-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary The ratio of tensile to compressive modulus of elasticity for untreated basswood was approx. 1.9 and for untreated sugar maple approx. 1.3. It approached 1.1 with high polymer loadings. The method of transformed sections gave good estimates of along the grain, tensile, compressive and bending elastic values for maple wood and maple wood polymer composite.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226175
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Compression control and its significance in the manufacture and effects on properties of poplar LVL (1994)
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 28 (1994), S. 285-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary In order to control the compression effectively, the main processing parameters for hot-pressing of poplar LVL were investigated in this study. Results from an orthogonal experiment show qualitatively that compression of poplar LVL is influenced by pressing pressure and moisture content of the veneers. High press pressure and veneer moisture content lead to high compression during hot pressing. It is shown that compression has significant effects on modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, specific gravity and thickness swelling of poplar LVL. Modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture and specific gravity appear to be directly proportional to compression within the compression range of 5% to 20%. Horizontal shear strength results indicate that, due to inadequate contact, proper glue bond may not be achieved between veneers of LVL with low compression. Thickness swelling appears not sensitive to compression between the compression range of 4% to 10%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00204214
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New cell wall and cell lumen wood polymer composites (1995)
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 29 (1995), S. 121-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary Furfuryl alcohol-based (FA) cell wall and methyl methacrylate-based (MMA) combination formulations were used to make wood polymer composites (WPC). Swelling gradients developed during preparation. Properties (density, hardness, water extractables, antiswell efficiency) gradients were observed along samples in 5 of the 7 treating formulations. Two cell wall treatments based on furfuryl alcohol did not show the gradients. The results suggest treating solution separations occurred during impregnation and the resulting nonhomogenious chemical produced the properties gradients. WPC made using the combination formulations based on MMA had properties which fell between cell wall and cell lumen formulations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229341
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A complementary pivoting algorithm for linear network problems (1986)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 5 (1986), S. 439-462 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Linear networks ; algorithms ; computational methods ; primal-dual algorithm ; C
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, an algorithm is presented for the transshipment problem that is an adaption of the method used by Jones, Saigal, and Schneider for solving single-commodity, spatial-equilibrium problems. The approach uses a variable-dimension strategy in which a sequence of subproblems is formed by solving the problem ‘one-node-at-a-time’. The algorithm is tested on uncapacitated transportation problems. Although the computational results are not directly comparable to other methods (since the algorithm is implemented in C under UNIX), the results show that the method is very effective and may e competitive with the best available algorithms for linear network problems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02022085
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Probing red maple pit membrane pore size at fiber saturation point and oven dry using polystyrene macromolecules (1997)
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 31 (1997), S. 235-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 0043-7719
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary A modified solute exclusion technique was used to pressure im pregnate a polystyrene molecular weight (MW) series dissolved in styrene into red maple samples at approximately the fiber saturation point (FSP) and oven dry (OD). Radial penetration was less than tangential and FSP less than OD. There was a marked change in radial OD penetration at 900,000 MW. There was no marked penetration change with MW in the tangential direction, although there appeared to be a slight decrease in FSP penetration at the higher MW tested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002260050031
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transverse NMR relaxation of water in wood (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 23 (1979), S. 3147-3154 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The transverse NMR relaxation times of hydrogen nuclei of water absorbed in white spruce sapwood [Picea glauca (Meunch) Voss] were measured for moisture contents in the range from 5 to 176%. The spin echo amplitudes resulting from the Carr-Purcell sequence decay nonexponentially suggesting the possibility of at least two different relaxation times for water in wood. A simplified structural model of the wood-water mixture is used to estimate the rates of chemical exchange at room temperature of hydrogen nuclei between various sites in the system. The high-resolution NMR line shape is discussed briefly in terms of this proposed model.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1979.070231101
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