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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbon Dioxide Warming and Coastline Flooding: Physical Factors and Climatic Impact (1980)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Environment and Resources 5 (1980), S. 107-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-1626
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.eg.05.110180.000543
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The acute metabolic effects of glucagon and its interactions with insulin in forearm tissue (1981)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 20 (1981), S. 616-624 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Forearm perfusion ; serum insulin ; plasma glucagon ; glucose ; plasma non-esterified fatty acids ; blood ketone bodies ; blood glycerol ; glucagon ; extrahepatic effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The acute effects of glucagon (mol. wt. 3500) and its interactions with insulin were studied in the forearm during eight studies in seven normal, post-absorptive males. The protocol consisted of a 2 h baseline, 1 h glucagon perfusion (mean glucagon increment, 691±50 pg/ml), 1 h perfusion of both insulin and glucagon (mean insulin increment of 105 ±13 mU/l) and a 30 min recovery period. Simultaneous arterial (A), deep venous (DV), and superficial venous (SV) blood samples were obtained at 30 min intervals. Perfusion of glucagon resulted in a decrease in (A-DV) non-esterified fatty acids of-0.128±0.057 mmol/l (n=7, p〈0.05) and (A-SV) non-esterified fatty acids of -0.081±0.036 mmol/l (n=7, p〈0.05), as well as a change in deep compartment uptake of glycerol after 60 min of -0.044±0.019 μmol/min/100 ml of forearm tissue (n=6, p〈0.05), indicating increased lipolysis. There was also a decrease in net glucose uptake as reflected by a change in (A-DV) of -0.24±0.09 mmol/l (n=7, p〈0.025) and (A-SV) of 0.10± 0.05 mmol/l (n=7, p〈0.05). There was also a net decrease in deep arteriovenous differences of potassium in six of seven subjects. Insulin levels, similar to those found after a meal, rapidly reversed the effects of glucagon on non-esterified fatty acid, glucose and potassium. These effects persisted throughout the recovery period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00257430
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the mechanism of improved glucose control during regular exercise in Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes (1984)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 26 (1984), S. 355-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Exercise ; Type 2 diabetes ; physical training ; maximal oxygen uptake ; exertion ; insulin sensitivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of 6 weeks of thrice weekly training on glycaemic control were assessed in 20 sedentary Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients and 11 control subjects matched for previous physical activity. Maximal oxygen uptake was lower in the diabetic patients than in control subjects before training (26.2±1.1 versus 32.6±1.7 ml·kg-1·min-1; p〈0.001). Glycosylated haemoglobin levels decreased in the diabetic patients during the training programme (12.2±0.5 to 10.7±0.4%; p 〈 0.02). Oral and intravenous glucose tolerance determined 72 h after the last exercise period showed only minimal improvement. Plasma glucose levels were, however, significantly lower at 12 h than 72 h after exercise in eight subjects tested at both time points. These data suggest that an exercise programme can produce a significant decrease in glycosylated haemoglobin levels in Type 2 diabetic males probably due, in great measure, to the cumulative effect of transient improvements in glucose tolerance which follow each individual period of exercise.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00266036
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glipizide versus tolbutamide, an open trial (1980)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 18 (1980), S. 49-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Glipizide ; glucagon ; insulin ; insulin sensitivity ; maturity onset diabetes ; oral hypoglycaemic agents ; tolbutamide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An open parallel trial with glipizide or tolbutamide was carried out in a cohort of 29 comparable maturity-onset diabetic patients. Eighteen of these individuals were studied in detail. During six months of active drug therapy the mean decrease in fasting serum glucose levels on glipizide was 25 ±2% versus 17±2% on tolbutamide (p〈0.025). Decreases in post prandial glucose levels were 12.2 and 10.4%. Glucose disappearance rates (Kg) during the sixth month of treatment with both drugs increased significantly: on glipizide from 0.47±0.04%/min to 0.85±0.08%/min (p〈0.005), and on tolbutamide from 0.47±0.08%/min to 0.70±0.11%/min (p〈0.01). Early and late insulin release (summed increases over basal for 2–10 min and 10–60 min) during intravenous glucose tolerance testing increased during glipizide, but not during tolbutamide therapy. Post prandial insulin increments over basal during an oral glucose tolerance test also increased during glipizide, but not tolbutamide therapy. Both drugs were comparable with regard to efficacy and safety; however, only glipizide had chronic effects upon insulin secretion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01228302
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bone Turnover and Insulin-like Growth Factor I Levels Increase After Improved Glycemic Control in Noninsulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus (1998)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 63 (1998), S. 107-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Bone turnover — Glycemic control —Insulin-like growth factor I — Noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus — Osteocalcin — Pyridinium cross-links.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. It is unclear whether both bone resorption and formation are affected by glycemic control, and contribute to diabetic osteopenia. In this study, 20 patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (12 men and 8 postmenopausal women) and 20 healthy control subjects (10 men and 10 postmenopausal women) were examined at baseline and 2 months. The diabetic patients showed an improvement of glycemic control (decreased HbA1c) at the second measurement. Analysis of variance showed that there was no effect of gender on the variables that increased with improved glycemic control, and therefore results are presented for both male and female subjects. Baseline values of serum osteocalcin, a marker of formation, were significantly lower in diabetic patients compared with healthy subjects (2.5 ± 1.3 versus 4.4 ± 1.4 ng/ml; P= 0.0006), but markers of bone resorption [urinary pyridinoline (PYD), deoxypyridinoline (DPD)] did not differ. Improved glycemic control in diabetic patients resulted in increased values of PYD (P= 0.012), DPD (P= 0.049), serum osteocalcin (P= 0.001), and serum insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I, P= 0.003), but no change in serum parathyroid hormone or 25-hydroxyvitamin D. In diabetic patients there were inverse correlations for the percent change from baseline to improved glycemic control for osteocalcin and HbA1c (r =−0.53; P= 0.016) and glucose (r =−0.46; P= 0.050). These data suggest that improved glycemic control is accompanied by an increase in bone turnover for male and female diabetic patients, possibly mediated by increased levels of circulating IGF-I.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900498
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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