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  • 1
    ISSN: 1399-3038
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The aim of this study was to assess the preventive effect of exclusive breast-feeding and early solid food avoidance on atopic dermatitis (AD) in infancy. This study is part of a dietary clinical trial in a prospective cohort of healthy term newborns at risk of atopy. It was recommended to breast-feed for at least 4 months and to avoid solid food in the same time-period. Eight hundred and sixty-five infants exclusively breast-fed, and 256 infants partially or exclusively formula-fed, were followed-up until the end of the first year following birth. AD and sensitization to milk and egg were considered as study end-points. The 1-year incidence of AD was compared between the two study groups. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated by multiple logistic regression. The incidence of AD was calculated in relation to age at introduction of solid food and amount of food given. In the breast-fed group, the adjusted OR for AD was 0.47 (95% CI 0.30–0.74). The strongest risk factor was the occurrence of AD in the subject's core family. The risk of infants with AD to be sensitized to milk was four times higher, and to egg eight times higher, than in infants without AD. Age at first introduction of solid food and diversity of solid food showed no effect on AD incidence. We conclude that in infants at atopic risk, exclusive breast-feeding for at least 4 months is effective in preventing AD in the first year of life.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Angeborene Fehlbildungen ; Geburtsprävalenz ; Zeitliche Entwicklung ; Key words Congenital malformations ; Birth prevalence ; Time trend
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The study presents data on birth prevalences of selected congenital malformations in livebirths with residence in Bavaria, born between 1984 and 1991. Cases have been ascertained retrospectively by reviewing hospital records of all children being referred to a Bavarian children’s hospital up to two years of age. The calculations of prevalences give rates both of malformed children (child with multiple malformations was counted only once according to his malformation class) and of malformation diagnoses (child with multiple malformations was counted under each of his malformation diagnoses). 8,527 children with isolated malformations and 3,513 children with multiple malformations were included. Boys were more often affected than girls (m:f=1,4:1, without hypospadia). While prevalences of most malformations remained relatively constant between 1984 and 1991, the rate of isolated spina bifida has decreased slightly, whereas the rates of isolated ventricular septal defects and isolated obstructive defects of the urinary tract (ICD9 753.2+753.6) have increased considerably. The Bavarian prevalences were compared with those of the EUROCAT registry.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der Bericht gibt einen Überblick über die Geburtsprävalenzen von ausgewählten angeborenen Fehlbildungen bei Lebendgeborenen, die zwischen 1984 und 1991 geboren wurden und ihren Wohnsitz in Bayern hatten. Die Daten wurden retrospektiv in den bayerischen und 2 grenznahen Kinderkliniken erhoben. Die Beschreibung des Datenmaterials ist eine Kombination von kindbezogener (Kind mit mehreren Fehlbildungen geht entsprechend seiner Fehlbildungsklasse nur 1mal in die Analyse ein) und diagnosenbezogener (Kind mit mehreren Fehlbildungen geht mit jeder seiner Fehlbildungsdiagnosen und damit mehrfach in die Analyse ein) Darstellung der Prävalenzen. Ausgewertet wurden 12040 Kinder insgesamt, davon 8527 mit isolierten Defekten eines Organsystems und 3513 mit multiplen Fehlbildungen. Knaben waren insgesamt häufiger betroffen als Mädchen (1,4:1 ohne Berücksichtigung der Hypospadie). Während die Zeitreihen der meisten Fehlbildungen keinen zeitlichen Trend erkennen ließen, fiel die Prävalenz der isolierten Spina bifida zwischen 1984 und 1991 leicht ab. Die Prävalenzen von isoliertem Ventrikelseptumdefekt und Verschlußdefekten des Nierenbeckens und Ureters sowie Atresie und Stenose der Harnröhre und des Blasenhalses (ICD9 753,2+ICD9 753,6) zeigten hingegen eine starke Zunahme. Die bayerischen Prävalenzen werden denen des EUROCAT-Registers gegenübergestellt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 11 (1995), S. 621-625 
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Chernobyl accident ; Congenital malformations ; Down syndrome ; Ecological study ; Epidemiology ; Radiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study considers whether or not exposure to radioactive fallout from the Chernobyl accident led to an increased prevalence of congenital malformations in infants born in Bavaria, the German state with the highest levels of contamination after the accident. The odds ratios for major malformations after the accident relative to before were used as indicators for adverse health effects. Since measurements of caesium in soil showed that contamination was considerably higher in Southern Bavaria than in Northern Bavaria, the odds ratios were calculated for both regions separately. Analysis did not show a significant increase in any of the odds ratios of the selected malformations in Southern Bavaria as compared to Northern Bavaria. Consequently, this study provides no evidence that radiation from Chernobyl caused an increase in the birth prevalence of major congenital malformations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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