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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Giant magnetoresistance with current perpendicular to the layer planes of Ag/Co and AgSn/Co multilayers (invited) : 37th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 5326-5331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A two-channel model of electronic conduction is shown to provide a satisfactory description of the magnetoresistances of Ag/Co and AgSn/Co multilayers with the current flowing perpendicular to the layer planes. A combination of data for as-prepared samples at magnetic field H=0 (for which the magnetization M≈0), and for the same samples in the ferromagnetically ordered state, is used to extract "best'' spin-orientation-dependent parameters of αCo=2.9(+0.5,−0.3) and αCo/Ag=12(+5,−2) from Ag/Co data and αCo=2.4(+1,−0.7) and αCo/AgSn=11(+7,−4) from AgSn/Co data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353768
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energy level alignment and two-dimensional structure of pentacene on Au(111) surfaces (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 3010-3014 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: X-ray photoemission, ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS), and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) have been used to determine the energy level alignment and the molecular ordering of monolayer and submonolayer pentacene films on Au(111) in ultrahigh vacuum. Pentacene evaporated onto the van der Waals surface of SnS2 was used as a noninteracting substrate for comparison. A large interface dipole was measured for pentacene on Au(111) (0.95 eV) whereas pentacene on SnS2 showed a relatively small interface dipole (0.26 eV). The different interface dipoles are related to the different orientations of the pentacene molecules due to different pentacene substrate interaction energies. Differences in the UPS spectra also support changing molecular orientations of the two substrates. STM images of pentacene on Au(111) revealed that the molecules lay flat on the substrate and are oriented parallel to each other, forming striped structures that are commensurate with the Au(111) lattice. The pentacene coverage influences the packing of the striped structures that can form a variety of unit cells. Three related unit cells with pentacene molecules tilted [(2×2(square root of)7), (2×(square root of)31), and (2×(square root of)39)] or perpendicular (2×3(square root of)3) to the row direction were identified on Au(111). © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1445286
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Test of unified picture of spin-dependent transport in perpendicular (CPP) giant magnetoresistance and bulk alloys (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 4542-4544 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Measurements of current perpendicular (CPP) magnetoresistance (MR) on hybrid and exchange-biased spin valves allow determination of the layer anisotropy parameter β for ferromagnetic alloys, thus allowing testing of whether this CPP β is similar to values obtained from direct measurements on, and theoretical estimates for, dilute bulk ferromagnetic alloys. Of special interest are alloys where β is expected to be negative. In this article, we derive a value of β for a Ni97Cr3 alloy using such spin valves based upon permalloy. We confirm prior CPP-MR results that this β is negative, but our inferred value, β=−0.35±0.1, is closer to bulk and theoretical estimates. Our data thus provide new support for a unified picture of β in the CPP-MR and bulk alloys. We also derive a short spin-diffusion length in NiCr, lsf=3±1 nm. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.370402
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observation of strong band bending in perylene tetracarboxylic dianhydride thin films grown on SnS2 (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 86 (1999), S. 1499-1509 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Perylene tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) thin films were grown in several steps on tin disulfide (SnS2) single crystals and characterized by combined x-ray and ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), (UPS) in order to characterize the frontier orbital line-up and the interface dipole at their interface. Due to the large difference between the work functions of PTCDA (4.26 eV) and SnS2 (5.09 eV) this experiment represents a model system for the investigation of band bending related phenomena in organic semiconductor heterojunctions. Our results show that the equilibration between the Fermi levels of both materials in contact is achieved almost solely by band bending (bulk charge redistribution) in the PTCDA layer. No significant interface dipole was detected which means that the PTCDA molecular orbitals and the SnS2 bands align at the vacuum level corresponding to the electron affinity rule. Our experiments clearly demonstrate the importance of an additional XPS measurement which (in most cases) allow the measurement of band bending with much higher accuracy than could be achieved in experiments carried out by UPS alone. These experiments also show that, due to the different depth sensitivity of high binding energy cutoff (secondary edge) and XPS core levels (or UPS valence bands), it is very important to grow relatively thick overlayers in order to measure orbital alignment and interface dipole correctly. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.370920
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Postoperative delirium following radical gynecologic oncology surgery (1996)
    Suite 500, 5th Floor, 238 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachussets 02142, USA : Blackwell Science Inc.
    International journal of gynecological cancer 6 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1525-1438
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence and possible predisposing factors for the development of postoperative delirum following radical gynecologic oncology surgery. A retrospective chart review was performed on 153 consecutive patients undergoing radical gynecologic oncology surgery. Preoperative variables assessed included: age, sepsis, decreased vision, decreased hearing, psychiatric history and abnormal mental status. Operative variables assess included: anesthesia time, estimated blood loss, hypotension, arrhythmia and transfusions. Preoperative medications, postoperative pain medication and abnormal perioperative laboratory values were also assessed. Sixteen of 150 patients (11%) developed postoperative delirium. Age was a significant predictor of postoperative delirium (median age 69 years vs 53 years, P = 0.006). Preoperative abnormal mental status examination was a significant predictor (P = 0.27). Use of chronic narcotic pain medication was significant (P = 0.008). All three patients who were septic at the time of emergency surgery developed postoperative delirum (P = 0.001). No other variables could be identified. When reviewing the date using any high risk factor as a positive test (advanced age, sepsis, abnormal mental status exam or chronic narcotic pain medication), sensitivity was 88%, specificity 76%, positive predictive value 35% and negative predictive value 77%. Delirium occurred most frequently on the second post-operative day (range 1–4 days) and lasted for a median of 2 days (range 1–5 days). Delirium resolved completely in all 16 patients. In conclusion, 11% of women undergoing radical gynecologic oncology surgery developed postoperative delirium. Advanced age, preoperative abnormal mental status, chronic narcotic pain medication and preoperative sepsis were all predisposing risk factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1438.1996.06020094.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic states of magnetic multilayers at different fields : The 6th joint magnetism and magnetic materials (MMM)-intermag conference (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 6610-6612 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The resistance of an as-sputtered magnetic multilayer in zero applied magnetic field can be considerably different from the maximum resistance measured after the multilayer has been cycled to above its saturation field. We examine the relation between these two resistances in some Ag/Co, Cu/Co, and Cu/NiFe multilayers, and its implications for interpreting giant magnetoresistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.358209
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    How to isolate effects of spin-flip scattering on giant magnetoresistance in magnetic multilayers (invited) : 38th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 6699-6703 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A technique is described for isolating effects of finite spin diffusion lengths on the magnetoresistance (MR) of magnetic multilayers at low temperatures by measuring the MR with the current perpendicular to the layer planes. Applying this technique to relatively concentrated Co/AgMn and Co/CuMn multilayers yields large effects, generally consistent with expectations from a theory by Valet and Fert [Phys. Rev. B 48, 7099 (1993)]. However, some complicating issues still need to be resolved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.356869
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    How predictable is the current perpendicular to plane magnetoresistance? (invited) : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 5811-5815 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Prior measurements of the current perpendicular to the layer planes (CPP) resistances, taken on Co/Cu/Py/Cu (Py=Ni84Fe16) multilayers with a single pair of Co and Py thicknesses, are extended to three additional pairs of thicknesses. The same parameters, obtained from independent measurements on Co/Cu and Py/Cu multilayers that fit the original pair reasonably well, fit the three new pairs almost as well, from which we conclude that there is substantial predictability in the CPP magnetoresistance (MR). Because the predictability is not perfect, we examine the extent to which we can improve the fits to the Co/Cu/Py/Cu data by varying the Py/Cu and Co/Cu parameters within their uncertainties, without substantially weakening the fits to the original Co/Cu and Py/Cu data. We conclude by presenting the first CPP-MR measurements on Co/Ag/Py/Ag multilayers. The data are similar to those for Co/Cu/Py/Cu multilayers, but the Co/Ag/Py/Ag MRs are noticeably larger. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361845
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatially resolved dopant profiling of patterned Si wafers by bias-applied phase-imaging tapping-mode atomic force microscopy (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 74 (1999), S. 1421-1423 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Tapping-mode atomic force microscopy was used to spatially resolve areas of different doping types on Si wafers patterned by photolithography and subsequent ion implantation. Application of a direct current dc bias between cantilever and sample during measurement induced a change in the tapping-mode phase contrast depending on the dopant type of the scanned sample area. This allowed the direct identification of areas of different doping types. Additional measurements on Au samples demonstrate a direct correlation between bias-induced Coulomb force and resulting phase change allowing the conclusion that the observed phase contrast results from dc bias-induced band bending changes. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.123569
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fabrication of layered metallic systems for perpendicular resistance measurements (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 60 (1989), S. 127-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We are studying the resistivity of layered metal systems in a direction perpendicular to the layers (ρperp). The techniques for measuring the very small resistances involved are briefly reviewed, and the system for producing samples with the appropriate geometry is discussed in detail. The samples are produced by sputtering in an ultrahigh vacuum compatible system that permits mask changing without breaking the vacuum. As an example, we give results illustrating the Cooper pair-breaking effects of thin layers of Co in a system consisting of consecutive layers of Nb–Co–Ag–Co–Nb.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140595
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