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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Racial and age differences in multiple primary cancers after breast cancer: A population-based analysis (1989)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 14 (1989), S. 245-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: age ; breast cancer ; multiple primary cancers ; race
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The occurrence of multiple primary cancers was evaluated among 17,944 white and black female residents of Metropolitan Detroit diagnosed with breast cancer between 1973 and 1983. Invasive second primary cancers were diagnosed among 1106 of these women, almost twice the expected number. Subsequentin situ cancers were detected four times more often than expected. Fifty-six percent of the subsequent invasive cancers were of the breast (Standardized Incidence Ratio, SIR = 3.80). Black women experienced higher risk of subsequent breast cancers (SIR = 5.30) than white women (SIR = 3.62). Highest risk was seen among women first diagnosed before age 40 (SIR for black women = 26.15, SIR for white women = 10.87) and within five years of initial diagnosis. These findings suggest that young breast cancer patients, especially black women, are at high risk of developing a second primary breast cancer soon after their initial diagnosis and should be under continued medical surveillance. The occurrence of multiple primary breast cancers among young women suggests a genetic component to risk. Identification of this subpopulation would be useful in the study of molecular and genetic markers for cancer. Subsequent colon (SIR = 1.24) and cervical (SIR = 1.54) cancers also were diagnosed significantly more often than expected, as were ovarian cancers among white women (SIR = 1.45). These findings are consistent with common etiologic factors associated with these cancers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01810741
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tobacco use and prostate cancer in Blacks and Whites in the United States (1994)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 5 (1994), S. 221-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Keywords: Case control ; neoplasms ; prostate ; race ; tobacco ; United States
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Prostate cancer occurs more frequently in Blacks than Whites in the United States. A population-based case-control study which investigated the association between tobacco use and prostate cancer risk was carried out among 981 pathologically confirmed cases (479 Blacks, 502 Whites) of prostate cancer, diagnosed between 1 August 1986 and 30 April 1989, and 1,315 controls (594 Blacks, 721 Whites). Study subjects, aged 40 to 79 years, resided in Atlanta (GA), Detroit (MI), and 10 counties in New Jersey, geographic areas covered by three, population-based, cancer registries. No excesses in risk for prostate cancer were seen for former cigarette smokers, in Blacks (odds ratio [OR]=1.1, 95 percent confidence interval [CI]=0.7–1.5) and in Whites (OR=1.2, CI=0.9–1.6), or for current cigarette smokers, in Blacks (OR=1.0, CI=0.7–1.4) and in Whites (OR=1.2, CI=0.8–1.7). Increases in risk were noted for smokers of 40 or more cigarettes per day, among former (OR=1.4, CI=1.0–1.5) and current (OR=1.5, CI=1.0–2.4) smokers. Duration of cigarette use and cumulative amount of cigarette use (pack-years) were not associated with prostate cancer risk for Blacks or Whites. By age, only the youngest subjects, aged 40 to 59 years, showed excess risk associated with current (OR=1.5, CI=1.0–2.3) and former (OR=1.7, CI=1.1–2.6) use of cigarettes, but there were no consistent patterns in this group according to amount or duration of smoking. Risks also were not elevated for former or current users of pipes, cigars, or chewing tobacco, but the risk associated with current snuff use was OR=5.5 (CI=1.2–26.2). This subgroup finding may have been due to chance. The results of the present study may be consistent with a small excess risk for prostate cancer associated with tobacco use, but the lack of consistent findings in population subgroups and the lack of a clear dose-response relationship argue more strongly that no causal association exists. The data do not indicate that the Black-White difference in prostate cancer risk is related to tobacco use.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01830240
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parents' use of cocaine and marijuana and increased risk of rhabdomyosarcoma in their children (1993)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 4 (1993), S. 217-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Keywords: Alcohol drinking ; cocaine ; marijuana smoking ; neoplasms ; pregnancy ; sarcoma ; substance abuse ; tobacco ; United States
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Parents' use of marijuana and cocaine was evaluated in a national (United States) case-control study of childhood rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). Subjects were 322 RMS cases, aged 0–20 years, from the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study, and 322 matched controls identified by random-digit telephone dialing. Parents of subjects were interviewed by telephone using a structured questionnaire. Mothers' marijuana use during the year before their child's birth was associated with a 3.0-fold increased risk of RMS in the child (95% confidence interval [CI]=1.4–6.5) and maternal cocaine use was associated with a 5.1-fold increased risk (CI=1.0–25.0). Risk was increased 3.1-fold (CI=1.4–6.7) with use of any recreational drug. Fathers' marijuana use was associated with a 2.0-fold increased risk (CI=1.3–3.3), cocaine use with a 2.1-fold increased risk (CI=0.9–4.9), and use of any recreational drug with a 2.0-fold (CI=1.3–3.3) increased risk. Case mothers' cocaine use and both parents' marijuana use were associated with their children being diagnosed at a significantly younger age. It was not possible to determine whether cocaine and marijuana have independent effects, since use of the two drugs was materially correlated. Similarly, mothers' and fathers' use of these drugs was highly correlated. In summary, parents' marijuana and cocaine use during the year preceding their child's birth may increase, by twofold to fivefold, the risk of RMS in their children.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00051316
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiple myeloma among blacks and Whites in the United States: the role of chronic antigenic stimulation (1994)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 5 (1994), S. 529-539 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Keywords: Antigenic stimulation ; case-control study ; etiology ; multiple myeloma ; race ; United States
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Multiple myeloma (MM) is twice as common among Blacks than Whites in the United States. The reasons for this racial disparity are unknown, and the etiology of this cancer in general, is poorly understood. Repeated or chronic antigenic stimulation (CAS) of the immune system has been suggested as a risk factor. Previous case-control studies have reported inconsistent CAS associations based on evaluations of individual and biologic categories of medical conditions. Interview data from 573 cases and 2,131 population-based controls were used to investigate further the CAS hypothesis using an immunologically based approach, and to determine whether CAS accounts for the excess of myeloma among Blacks. Over 50 medical conditions were grouped into biologically and immunologically related categories, and B-cell-and T-cell-mediated response groups. Except for urinary tract infections among Black men (odds ratio [OR]=2.0), no significantly increased risks of MM were observed. However, there was a suggestion of increased risk among Blacks with an increased exposure to anaphylatic conditions. Analysis by immunoglobulin type revealed significantly elevated risks of IgG myeloma with eczema (OR=2.1), the biologic category ‘allergic conditions” (OR=1.6), and the immunologic category ‘anaphylaxis response’ (OR=1.6) among Whites, with Blacks having slightly lower risks. Our findings do not support a causal relationship between CAS and MM, nor do they explain the higher incidence among Blacks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01831381
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