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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 36 (1914), S. 1537-1548 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 37 (1915), S. 2683-2691 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 39 (1917), S. 38-52 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry 14 (1922), S. 1106-1110 
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Microbiology 4 (1950), S. 35-52 
    ISSN: 0066-4227
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1434-3924
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter ; Radiusfraktur loco typico ; Skapholunäre Bandverletzungen ; Arthroskopisch assistierte Versorgung ; Mittelfristige Ergebnisse ; Key words ; Distal radius fracture ; Lesions of the scapholunate ligaments ; Wrist arthroscopy ; Midterm results
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Since 1993, 30 patients with acute intraarticular distal radius fractures have been treated under arthroscopic assistance. In 12 patients (40%) concomitant lesions of the intrinsic scapholunate ligaments were diagnosed. According to Geissler we found grade I-tear in one patient, grade II in three, grade III in six and grade IV in two patients. The eight individuals with grade III-and IV-lesions additionally revealed marked instablity intraoperatively. Therefore, operative stabilization was subsequently performed by temporary scapholunate and scaphocapitate arthrodesis. Seven patients out of this group (87.5%) were followed up clinically and radiologically 3 years postoperatively, on average. Clinical examination included range of motion tests and a subjective questionnaire concerning pain and working ability. Objective grip strength was measured using a Jamar tester and compared to the contralateral wrist. Radiological evaluation consisted of the posteroanterior and lateral view as well as stress views in radial and ulnar deviation. Data were evaluated by the Jakim and Cooney scoring system as well as the demerit point system by Gartland and Werley as modified by Sarmiento et al. According to Gartland, 100% of our patients showed an excellent result; these rates were 86% using the Jakim score and 60% using the Cooney scoring system. According to the subjective questionnaire all of the patients revealed an excellent or good result.
    Notes: Seit 1993 wurden an unserer Klinik 30 Patienten mit frischen distalen intraartikulären Radiusfrakturen arthroskopisch assistiert versorgt. Begleitende Verletzungen der skapholunären intrinsischen Bandverbindungen fanden sich bei 12 Patienten (40%). Entsprechend der Einteilung von Geissler fanden wir einmal eine Läsion vom Grad I, 3mal Grad II, 6mal Grad III und 2mal Grad IV. Die 8 Patienten mit den dritt- bzw. viertgradigen Läsionen zeigten intraoperativ zusätzlich eine deutliche Instabilität im Skapholunargelenk (SL-Gelenk), so daß eine temporäre skapholunäre bzw. skaphokapitäre Spickdrahtarthrodese in derselben Sitzung durchgeführt wurden. Aus dieser Gruppe konnten 7 Patienten (87,5%) nach durchschnittlich 3 Jahren klinisch und radiologisch nachuntersucht werden. Die klinische Untersuchung umfaßte ¶den Bewegungsumfang, subjektive Schmerzangaben sowie eine Befragung nach der Beschäftigung. Mittels Jamar-Dynamometer (Cedaron ® ) wurde die objektive Griffstärke beim Faustschluß im Vergleich beider Hände ermittelt. Zusätzlich wurden Röntgenbilder im a.-p.- und seitlichen Strahlengang sowie Streßaufnahmen in Radial- und Ulnarduktion angefertigt. Die erhobenen Daten wurden mittels der Scores von Jakim , Cooney sowie dem nach Sarmiento modifizierten Gartland-Werley-Score evaluiert. Nach Jakim zeigten 86% der Patienten ein sehr gutes oder gutes Resultat, nach Gartland 100% und nach Cooney 60% ein sehr gutes Ergebnis. In der subjektiven Befragung zeigten alle Patienten ein exzellentes oder gutes Ergebnis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Arthroskopie 11 (1998), S. 259-270 
    ISSN: 1434-3924
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Radiusfraktur ; Arthroskopie ; Mittelfristige Ergebnisse ; Skapholunäre Instabilität ; Discus triangularis ; Key words Distal radius fracture ; Arthroscopy ; Midterm results ; Triangular fibrocartilage complex ; Scapholunate instability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Since 1993, 30 patients with acute distal intraarticular radius fractures have been treated under arthroscopic assistance. According to the AO classification there were 3 B- and 27 C-fractures, most of them Frykman VIII fractures. Of 30 fractures 23 showed additional lesions which could only be diagnosed under arthroscopic view. In particular, 12 partial or complete tears of the intracarpal ligaments were found. Of 25 fractures 23 which were treated at least 12 months previously could be followed up radiologically and clinically. X-rays included postero anterior and lateral views to evaluate the radial angles and the radial length and stress tests to check for instability, especially of the scapholunate ligaments. Clinical examination included range of motion and objective grip strength measured with a Jamar (Cedaron) tester. Each test was performed on both wrists for comparison. Subjective data included pain and function for daily activities. Data were evaluated by the Jakim and the Cooney scoring system and the demerit point system by Gartland and Werley as modified by Sarmiento et al. About 70% of our patients showed an excellent or good result; about 15% had a poor result. However, we must mention that we were not able to reduce one C3-fracture under arthroscopic view and had to switch to a semi-open procedure with additional external fixateurs. Arthroscopically assisted treatment of distal intraarticular fractures is not only useful to detect and manage additional carpal lesions, but seems to give good midterm results as well.
    Notes: Seit der klinischen Einführung der Handgelenkarthroskopie 1993 an unserer Klinik wurden 30 Speichenbrüche unter arthroskopischer Sicht versorgt. Entsprechend der AO-Klassifikation handelte es sich um 3 B- und 27 C-Frakturen; entsprechend der Einteilung nach Frykman waren der Großteil Typ-VIII-Frakturen. In 23 von 30 distalen intraartikulären Brüchen konnten primär nicht erkannte, behandlungswürdige Zusatzverletzungen gefunden werden. Ein großes Augenmerk galt der skapholunären Bandverbindung, wobei 12 Teil- oder komplette Rupturen entdeckt wurden. 23 von 25 Frakturen, deren Versorgung mindestens 1 Jahr zurücklag, konnten nachuntersucht werden. Die radiologische Untersuchung bestand in p.-a. und lateralen Vergleichsaufnahmen, um die Radiusgelenkflächenwinkel und den Ulnavorschub klassifizieren zu können. Zusätzlich wurden Radial- und Ulnarduktionsaufnahmen angefertigt, speziell im Hinblick auf etwaige Bandinstabilitäten. Die klinische Untersuchung umfaßte das Bewegungsausmaß, subjektive Schmerzangaben sowie eine Befragung nach der Beschäftigung. Mittels Jamar-Dynamometer (Cedaron ® ) wurde die objektive Griffstärke bei Faustschluß im Vergleich beider Hände ermittelt. Die erhobenen Daten wurden mittels Jakim-Score und dem Cooney-scoring-System sowie dem nach Sarmiento modifizierten Gartland-and-Werley-Score evaluiert. 70% unserer Patienten zeigten ein exzellentes oder gutes Ergebnis, in etwa 15% der Fälle wurden schlechte Ergebnisse gefunden. Die arthroskopisch assistierte Versorgung von distalen intraartikulären Speichenbrüchen gibt nicht nur Aufschlüsse über etwaige Zusatzverletzungen mit der Option, diese in derselben Sitzung zu therapieren, sondern scheint auch gute mittelfristige Ergebnisse, zumindest soweit bis heute beurteilbar, zu bringen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Unfallchirurg 100 (1997), S. 119-123 
    ISSN: 1433-044X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Gefäßverletzung ; Hüftgelenkchirurgie ; Key words Vascular complication ; Total hip replacement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The vascular anatomy in the acetabular region involves a certain risk of arterial and venous injuries complicating orthopaedic surgery. These complications have been grouped into four categories: lacerations, thrombosis, pseudoaneurysms and arteriovenous fistula. In a period of 5 years, three injuries of the external iliac artery and four lesions of the femoral artery associated with total hip arthroplasty were treated surgically at the Department of Vascular Surgery of the University Hospital in Graz. In one case a concomitant lesion of the pelvic vein was observed. The incidence of iatrogenic vascular injuries in total hip surgery is 0.3%. Combined injury of the external iliac artery and vein led to a life-threatening bleeding complication. The vascular lesion became manifest as acute ischaemia of the lower extremity or as an acute haemorrhage 30 min to 2 h after primary surgery. The late complication of a false aneurysm of the femoral artery occurred in one patient 3 weeks after total hip replacement. Reconstruction of the vascular lesions was performed by direct suture, except that two arterial lesions required the use of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) vascular grafts. Vessels in the pelvic region are at high risk if screw fixation acetabular components are used. Perforation of the iliac artery by protruded methylmethacrylate polymer components of cement has been documented. The obturator vessels are in a vulnerable position if the acetabular floor has been broached by operative instruments or eroded by loosening of the prosthesis facilitated by osteoporosis, steroids or sepsis. Femoral vessels are endangered by Hohmann retractors that are not placed directly on bone. Though vascular injury during hip operations is rare, recognition of such complications is important as safe and satisfactory treatment can be achieved. Rapid identification and immediate surgical repair of these lacerations are essential for their management.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1433-044X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Distale intraartikuläre Radiusfraktur ; Arthroskopische Frakturversorgung ; Skapholunäre Bandverletzung ; Simultane minimal-invasive Versorgung ; Temporäre skapholunäre Arthrodese ; Key words Distal intraarticular radius fractures ; Arthroscopically assisted fracture treatment ; Concomitant scapholunate ligamentous tear ; Minimally invasive therapy ; Temporary scapholunate arthrodesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: The final result of the treatment of distal intraarticular radius fractures depends both on the accuracy of the fracture reduction and on the presence or absence of additional carpal injuries. In particular, lesions of the intrinsic ligaments usually cause severe degenerative damage of the wrist joint if they are missed primarily. With the introduction of wrist arthroscopy these tears can be evaluated and treated earlier. Since 1993 arthroscopically assisted treatment has been performed in 23 patients with distal intraarticular fractures of the radius (mainly C fractures according to the AO classification system or group VII and VIII fractures according to Frykman). SL tears have been found in 11 patients (47.8%), 7 of whom showed marked instability and were stabilised at the time of surgery.
    Notes: Das Endergebnis der Behandlung distaler intraartikulärer Radiusfrakturen ist sowohl von der Frakturreposition als auch von eventuellen Zusatzverletzungen abhängig. Vor allem Läsionen der karpalen Bandverbindungen führen unbehandelt zu ausgeprägten degenerativen Schädigungen. Durch zunehmenden Einsatz der Handgelenkarthroskopie können diese Zusatzverletzungen frühzeitig diagnostiziert und einer adäquaten Therapie zugeführt werden. Seit 1993 haben wir 23 distale intraartikuläre Radiusfrakturen (vornehmlich C-Frakturen nach AO bzw. Frakturen der Gruppen VII und VIII nach Frykman) arthroskopisch assistiert versorgt, wobei wir in 11 Fällen (47,8%) skapholunäre Bandläsionen feststellen konnten; 7 dieser Patienten (64%) waren arthroskopisch und bei der intraoperativen Prüfung instabil und wurden in der selben Sitzung minimal-invasiv stabilisiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The visual computer 10 (1993), S. 145-159 
    ISSN: 1432-2315
    Keywords: Visualization of multidimensional data ; Cluster analysis ; Vector quantization ; Topological ordering ; Neural networks ; Remote sensing ; Image classification ; Environmental protection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes the application of self-organizing neural networks on the analysis and visualization of multidimensional data sets. First, a mathematical description of cluster analysis, dimensionality reduction, and topological ordering is given taking these methods as problems of discrete optimization. Then, the Kohonen map is introduced, that orders its neurons according to topological features of the data sets to be trained with. For this reason, it can also be called a topology-preserving feature map. In order to visualize the results obtained during the self-organization process, the standard map has been extended to a three-dimensional cube of neurons, where each neuron represents a discrete entity in the red green blue color space (RGB). According to the ordering properties of the network neighbored neurons and thus similr colors refer to data vectors with similar features. The application of this technique on multidimensional Landsat-TM remotely sensed image data, namely, the analysis of the burning oil fields in Kuwait, demonstrates the capabilities of the introduced method. Moreover it can be used to solve general visualization problems of data mapping into a lower dimensional representation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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