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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Plant Science Letters 22 (1981), S. 327-335 
    ISSN: 0304-4211
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Anthocyanin ; Daucus ; Hydroxycinnamate: CoA ligase ; Tissue culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Callus cells of Daucus carota L. have different phenylpropanoid pathways depending on the medium composition. Cells propagated on a medium with gibberellic acid do not accumulate cyanidin but incorporate [14C]phenylalanine into chlorogenic acid at a high rate. Cells grown on a medium free of gibberellic acid accumulate cyanidin in very large amounts. We here describe partial purification of hydroxycinnamate: CoA ligase, and its properties in these two cell lines. The enzymes extracted from the two cell populations had different substrate specifities: for that from anthocyanin-containing cells, p-coumaric acid was the best substrate, and caffeic acid and ferulic acid were also activated. With enzyme from anthocyanin-free cells, the lowest Km values were obtained for caffeic acid, while ferulic acid had higher values, and p-coumaric acid was nearly inactive. The enzyme did not separate into isoenzymes during purification. Only on polyacrylamide gels the partially purified enzyme from anthocyanin-containing cells separated into three peaks, and that from anthocyanin-free cells, into only two peaks. This difference is discussed in the context of the lack of activity with p-coumaric acid in anthocyanin-free cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Planta 97 (1971), S. 224-229 
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The effect of α-amanitin on the synthesis of AMP-rich RNA has been investigated. After incubation of freely suspended callus cells of parsley with the toxin and pulse labelling (30 min) with 32P-orthophosphate, the high AMP content of the RNA component eluted from MAK columns behind the 25 S-RNA disappears. The base ratio of this RNA becomes ribosomal (CMP 20.1, AMP 26.5, GMP 28.4, UMP 25.0). Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the high molecular RNA shows that radioactivity is incorporated only into the 32 S-RNA. At higher α-amanitin concentrations the total nucleic acid synthesis is reduced. In this case only the high molecular RNA (32 S-RNA) is produced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Cryobiology 18 (1981), S. 613-614 
    ISSN: 0011-2240
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Cryobiology 19 (1982), S. 306-316 
    ISSN: 0011-2240
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 90 (1973), S. 213-222 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Der Biosyntheseweg der ribosomalen RNS der blaugrünen Alge Anacystis nidulans wurde untersucht. Die beiden rRNS-Komponenten 16S-RNS (Mol.-Gewicht 0,54×106) und 23S-RNS (Mol.-Gewicht 1,02×106) besitzen keine gemeinsame hochmolekulare Vorstufe. Die Synthese der 16S-RNS verläuft über eine Vorstufe (p16S-RNS) mit einem Mol.-Gewicht von 0,66×106. Sie tritt bereits nach 1 min Inkubation mit [3H]-Uridin im Polyacrylamidgel auf. Für die 23S-RNS ist ein solcher Vorläufer mit deutlich höherem Mol.-Gewicht nicht nachzuweisen. 2. Die p 16S-RNS ist nicht methyliert. Nach den bisher zu dieser Frage durchgeführten Experimenten erfolgt die Methylierung erst, wenn die rRNS die Kettenlänge des reifen Moleküls besitzt. 3. Außerdem wurde die Stabilität der rRNS in Abhängigkeit von Mg-Ionen in vivo und in vitro untersucht und diskutiert. In vivo: Im Mg-freien Kulturmedium reduziert sich der rRNS-Gehalt der Zellen relativ zu den übrigen Nucleinsäurekomponenten in Abhängigkeit von der Kulturdauer. Der Nachweis für diesen Effekt wird mit Hilfe von MAK-Chromatographie erbracht. In vitro: Wird Mg2+ im Extraktionspuffer weggelassen, zerfällt ein Teil der 23S-RNS. Die Bruchstücke wandern als getrennte Banden im Polyacrylamidgel. 2 bis 10 mM Mg2+ stabilisieren die 23S-RNS.
    Notes: Summary 1. The biosynthetic pathway of rRNA in the blue-green alga Anacystis nidulans is investigated. The molecular weights of mature 16S and 23S RNA are 0.54×106 and 1.02×106 and were determined on the basis of electrophoretic mobility. No high molecular precursor for both RNA components exists in blue-green algae. A p 16 S RNA for which the molecular weight was determined to be 0.66×106 was found even after 1 min incubation with [3H]-uridine. On the contrary, no p23S RNA migrating slower than the 23 S RNA appears in the gel. 2. The p16S RNA is not methylated. A few experiments in this direction show that methylation takes place only after the rRNA attains its final molecular weight. 3. The dependence of rRNA on Mg2+ for stability in vivo and in vitro is studied. MAK chromatography shows that the proportion of rRNA is strongly reduced after Mg-starvation. In vitro: 23S RNA is partly cleaved when homogenization and extraction take place in a buffer system without Mg2+. Mg2+ in a concentration of 2 to 10 mM prevents the cleavage of this RNA during the process of extraction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A rapidly labelled rRNA precursor can be detected in callus cells of Petroselinum sativum grown on a liquid synthetic medium. Its molecular weight has been calculated to be 2.3×106. This value agrees with that of the rRNA precursor from other plant material. In order to follow the synthesis and processing of rRNA in time and to correlate single steps in this process with cell organelles it was necessary to obtain pure fractions of nuclei and ribosomes. The isolation method for nuclei is given in detail. The nucleic acids are separated on polyacrylamide gels of low acrylamide concentration. Pulse-chase experiments show that the rRNA precursor is split into two fragments within the nucleus: an 18S and a 25S component. The 18S RNA leaves the nucleus rapidly. It is already found quantitatively in the ribosomal fraction after 30–60 min chase. At that time the 25S RNA is still within the nucleus; it appears much later in the ribosomes. Since the increase in ribosomal label occurs simultaneously with the decrease in nuclear label, it is concluded that there is no degradation of 18S RNA within the nucleus. Apparently there are two distinct transport mechanisms with different kinetics for the two RNA components.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Electron-Transfer Reactions of Non-alternant Chinoide and Hydrochinoide Compounds: Single-Electron-Transfer Oxidation of 5,12-Dimethoxynaphth[2,3-a]azulene1)Title compound 2a is subjected to single-electron-transfer oxidation by chemical and electrochemical methods. Cyclovoltammetry and spectroelectrochemistry reveal a reaction cycle involving complex EC-type behavior. The aniodically formed radical cation 21 is transformed to dication 19 by C—C-bond formation in a fast chemical step. Electrochemical reduction of 19 refurnishes 2a (Scheme 1). Chiral 5,5′,12,12′-tetramethoxy-11,11′-binaphth-[2,3-a]azulene (3a) is formed by oxidative coupling of 2a with iron(III) chloride in dimethylformamide. The reaction of 2a with tropylium tetrafluoroborate (8), triphenylcarbenium salts 7, or trichlorocyclopropenylium tetrachloroaluminate (9) yields either biazulene 3a or electrophilic substitution at C-11, depending on the specific reaction conditions. In case of 2a and 8 the azulenium 10b, formed in the primary step, is transformed into 11 by reaction with triethylamine. Without base the formation of biazulene 3a by a SET mechanism via radical cation 18 as intermediate is favored. 7 behaves similar, however, because of steric and electronic reasons an SE reaction could not be observed. Triazulenylcyclopropenylium perchlorate 12 is obtained by the reaction of 2a with 9. Structural details of the newly formed azulenes, biazulenes, and azulenium compounds are discussed with specific considerations of electrochemical and UV/VIS spectral properties.
    Notes: Untersuchungen über das Oxidationsverhalten der Titelverbindung 2a mit cyclischer Voltammetrie und der Spektroelektrochemie ergeben: Das primär gebildete Radikalkation 21 wird in einer schnellen chemischen Folgereaktion unter C—C-Verknüpfung in die Biazulenium-Verbindung 19 umgewandelt. Durch Reduktion von 19 wird 2a zurückgebildet (Schema 1). Auch über mehrere Reaktionscyclen hinweg bleiben die Elektrodenströme konstant. Diese Stabilität der Reaktionscyclen wird auch durch die Spektroelektrochemie nachgewiesen. Bei der chemischen Reaktionsführung entscheiden die Bedingungen über die Chemoselektivität. Dabei konkurrieren elektrophile Substitution (SE-Mechanismus) und oxidative Kupplung (SET-Mechanismus). Mit Eisen(III)-chlorid in Dimethylformamid reagiert 2a unter Bildung von 5,5′,12,12′-Tetramethoxy-11,11′-binaphth[2,3-a]azulen (3a), das chiral ist. Die Umsetzung von 2a mit Tropylium-tetrafluoroborat (8) ergibt zunächst die Azulenium-Zwischenstufe 10b, die mit Triethylamin zum Substitutionsprodukt 11 umgewandelt wird. Ohne Triethylamin erfolgt oxidative Kupplung zum Biazulen 3a. Für letzteren Reaktionsweg ist die Bildung der Azulenium-Zwischenstufe reaktionshemmend. Triphenylmethyl-Kationen verhalten sich ähnlich, allerdings ist die SE-Reaktion bei diesen Verbindungen, wohl aufgrund sterischer und elektronischer Faktoren, nicht belegbar. 2a und Trichlorcyclopropenylium-tetrachloroaluminat (9) liefern das Triazulenylcyclopropenylium-Salz 12. Über die Struktureigenschaften der Azulene und der Azulenium-Verbindungen und über weitere elektrochemische Eigenschaften wird berichtet.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1520-4804
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of medicinal chemistry 37 (1994), S. 2232-2237 
    ISSN: 1520-4804
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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