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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Purification and substrate specifities of hydroxycinnamate: CoA ligase from anthocyanin-containing and anthocyanin-free carrot cells (1977)
    Springer
    Planta 135 (1977), S. 313-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Anthocyanin ; Daucus ; Hydroxycinnamate: CoA ligase ; Tissue culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Callus cells of Daucus carota L. have different phenylpropanoid pathways depending on the medium composition. Cells propagated on a medium with gibberellic acid do not accumulate cyanidin but incorporate [14C]phenylalanine into chlorogenic acid at a high rate. Cells grown on a medium free of gibberellic acid accumulate cyanidin in very large amounts. We here describe partial purification of hydroxycinnamate: CoA ligase, and its properties in these two cell lines. The enzymes extracted from the two cell populations had different substrate specifities: for that from anthocyanin-containing cells, p-coumaric acid was the best substrate, and caffeic acid and ferulic acid were also activated. With enzyme from anthocyanin-free cells, the lowest Km values were obtained for caffeic acid, while ferulic acid had higher values, and p-coumaric acid was nearly inactive. The enzyme did not separate into isoenzymes during purification. Only on polyacrylamide gels the partially purified enzyme from anthocyanin-containing cells separated into three peaks, and that from anthocyanin-free cells, into only two peaks. This difference is discussed in the context of the lack of activity with p-coumaric acid in anthocyanin-free cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00384906
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selektive Hemmung der Synthese der AMP-reichen RNS durch α-Amanitin in Zellen höherer Pflanzen (1971)
    Springer
    Planta 97 (1971), S. 224-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The effect of α-amanitin on the synthesis of AMP-rich RNA has been investigated. After incubation of freely suspended callus cells of parsley with the toxin and pulse labelling (30 min) with 32P-orthophosphate, the high AMP content of the RNA component eluted from MAK columns behind the 25 S-RNA disappears. The base ratio of this RNA becomes ribosomal (CMP 20.1, AMP 26.5, GMP 28.4, UMP 25.0). Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the high molecular RNA shows that radioactivity is incorporated only into the 32 S-RNA. At higher α-amanitin concentrations the total nucleic acid synthesis is reduced. In this case only the high molecular RNA (32 S-RNA) is produced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00389203
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biosynthese der ribosomalen RNS bei der blaugrünen Alge Anacystis nidulans (1973)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 90 (1973), S. 213-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Der Biosyntheseweg der ribosomalen RNS der blaugrünen Alge Anacystis nidulans wurde untersucht. Die beiden rRNS-Komponenten 16S-RNS (Mol.-Gewicht 0,54×106) und 23S-RNS (Mol.-Gewicht 1,02×106) besitzen keine gemeinsame hochmolekulare Vorstufe. Die Synthese der 16S-RNS verläuft über eine Vorstufe (p16S-RNS) mit einem Mol.-Gewicht von 0,66×106. Sie tritt bereits nach 1 min Inkubation mit [3H]-Uridin im Polyacrylamidgel auf. Für die 23S-RNS ist ein solcher Vorläufer mit deutlich höherem Mol.-Gewicht nicht nachzuweisen. 2. Die p 16S-RNS ist nicht methyliert. Nach den bisher zu dieser Frage durchgeführten Experimenten erfolgt die Methylierung erst, wenn die rRNS die Kettenlänge des reifen Moleküls besitzt. 3. Außerdem wurde die Stabilität der rRNS in Abhängigkeit von Mg-Ionen in vivo und in vitro untersucht und diskutiert. In vivo: Im Mg-freien Kulturmedium reduziert sich der rRNS-Gehalt der Zellen relativ zu den übrigen Nucleinsäurekomponenten in Abhängigkeit von der Kulturdauer. Der Nachweis für diesen Effekt wird mit Hilfe von MAK-Chromatographie erbracht. In vitro: Wird Mg2+ im Extraktionspuffer weggelassen, zerfällt ein Teil der 23S-RNS. Die Bruchstücke wandern als getrennte Banden im Polyacrylamidgel. 2 bis 10 mM Mg2+ stabilisieren die 23S-RNS.
    Notes: Summary 1. The biosynthetic pathway of rRNA in the blue-green alga Anacystis nidulans is investigated. The molecular weights of mature 16S and 23S RNA are 0.54×106 and 1.02×106 and were determined on the basis of electrophoretic mobility. No high molecular precursor for both RNA components exists in blue-green algae. A p 16 S RNA for which the molecular weight was determined to be 0.66×106 was found even after 1 min incubation with [3H]-uridine. On the contrary, no p23S RNA migrating slower than the 23 S RNA appears in the gel. 2. The p16S RNA is not methylated. A few experiments in this direction show that methylation takes place only after the rRNA attains its final molecular weight. 3. The dependence of rRNA on Mg2+ for stability in vivo and in vitro is studied. MAK chromatography shows that the proportion of rRNA is strongly reduced after Mg-starvation. In vitro: 23S RNA is partly cleaved when homogenization and extraction take place in a buffer system without Mg2+. Mg2+ in a concentration of 2 to 10 mM prevents the cleavage of this RNA during the process of extraction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00424973
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kern-Plasma-Transport neusynthetisierter rRNS in Zellen einer Suspensionskultur von Petroselinum sativum (1972)
    Springer
    Planta 106 (1972), S. 141-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A rapidly labelled rRNA precursor can be detected in callus cells of Petroselinum sativum grown on a liquid synthetic medium. Its molecular weight has been calculated to be 2.3×106. This value agrees with that of the rRNA precursor from other plant material. In order to follow the synthesis and processing of rRNA in time and to correlate single steps in this process with cell organelles it was necessary to obtain pure fractions of nuclei and ribosomes. The isolation method for nuclei is given in detail. The nucleic acids are separated on polyacrylamide gels of low acrylamide concentration. Pulse-chase experiments show that the rRNA precursor is split into two fragments within the nucleus: an 18S and a 25S component. The 18S RNA leaves the nucleus rapidly. It is already found quantitatively in the ribosomal fraction after 30–60 min chase. At that time the 25S RNA is still within the nucleus; it appears much later in the ribosomes. Since the increase in ribosomal label occurs simultaneously with the decrease in nuclear label, it is concluded that there is no degradation of 18S RNA within the nucleus. Apparently there are two distinct transport mechanisms with different kinetics for the two RNA components.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00383993
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Beziehung von Anthocyansynthese und Enzymaktivität der Phenylalanin-Ammonium-Lyase (PAL) bei Kalluskulturen von Daucus carota (1974)
    Springer
    Planta 117 (1974), S. 75-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Two celllines from Daucus carota callus were tested for phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity. The white callus (DCw) has only 15% of the enzyme activity of the blue callus (DCb). The enzyme activity reaches a maximum value after a cultivation period of 21 days, whereas the maximum in anthocyanin content is reached after 28 days. We can demonstrate here a good correlation between one of the enzymes and the end product of the anthocyanin biosynthesis. The crude extract from DCw cells has no inhibitory effect on the enzyme from DCb-cells. Gibberellic acid A3, a component of the culture medium for DCw cells, does not act as an inhibitor on the partially purified enzyme. The procedure of purification and the characteristics of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase from the callus of Daucus carota are described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00388680
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pfropfcopolymerisationen mit reaktiven MikrogelenHerrn Prof. Dr. Karl Hamann zum 70. Geburtstag gewidmet6. Mitt. über Reaktive Mikrogele, 5. Mitt. cf.4) (1977)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 60 (1977), S. 111-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactive microgels from 1,4-divinylbenzene (1,4-DVB) as well as from ethyleneglycol-dimethacrylate (ÄDMA) have been copolymerized with styrene to form inhomogeneous networks in which the reactive microgels act as multifunctional crosslinking sites. Concerning the copolymerization of the reactive microgels from 1,4-DVB with styrene the influence of the particle size, of the concentration and of the amount of vinyl groups of the microgels is discussed. Degradation experiments with the copolymers of ÄDMA-microgels and styrene led to conclusions about the inner structure of the inhomogeneous networks.
    Notes: Reaktive Mikrogele aus 1,4-Divinylbenzol (1,4-DVB) sowie aus äthylenglykol-dimethacrylat (ÄUDMA) wurden mit Styrol copolymerisiert. Dabei entstanden inhomogene Netzwerke, wobei die Mikrogele als multifunktionelle Vernetzungsstellen wirkten. Es wird über den Einfluß der Teilchengröße, der Konzentration und des Vinylgruppengehalts der Mikrogele aus 1,4-DVB auf die Copolymerisation mit Styrol berichtet; außerdem werden aus den Abbauprodukten von Copolymeren aus ÄDMA-Mikrogelen und Styrol Rückschlüsse auf den inneren Aufbau der Makro-Netzwerke gezogen.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1977.050600105
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neue reaktive Mikrogele als Träger für Enzyme11. Mitteilung über Reaktive Mikrogele, 10. Mitt. cf.11. (1979)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 76 (1979), S. 319-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: By copolymerization of ethylene-dimethacrylate with acrylonitrile and glycidylmethacrylate, respectively, reactive microgels with diameters of approx. 50nm were obtained. Modification reactions led to functional groups (imidate or aldehyde groups) suitable for covalent enzyme coupling. When immobilizing the enzymes lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and proteinase K it was found that the residual activity of these conjugates was very much higher compared with conventional porous supports due to the absence of diffusional restrictance.
    Notes: Durch Copolymerisation von Äthylendimethacrylat und Acrylnitril bzw. Glycidylmethacrylat in Emulsion wurden reaktive Mikrogele mit Durchmessern von ca. 50 nm hergestellt. Durch polymeranaloge Umsetzungen konnten funktionelle Gruppen eingeführt werden (Imidoester bzw. Aldehydgruppen), die als Ankergruppen zur kovalenten Immobilisierung von Enzymen geeignet sind. Es wurden die Enzyme Lactatdehydrogenase, Alkalische Phosphatase und Proteinase K immobilisiert. Da bei den mikrogel-gebundenen Enzymen keine Diffusionshinderung auftritt, liegen die Restaktivitäten der Enzyme wesentlich höher als bei der Immobilisierung an herkömmlichen quellungsporösen granulären Trägern.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1979.050760117
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reaktive Mikrogele, 4. Über Besonderheiten bei der Emulsionspolymerisation von 1, 4-Divinylbenzol (1976)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 177 (1976), S. 3629-3629 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1976.021771214
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reaktive Mikrogele, 7.6. Mittl. cf.4. Hydroxylgruppenhaltige Mikrogele (1977)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 178 (1977), S. 1689-1692 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The pendant vinyl groups of reactive microgels prepared from 1,4-divinylbenzene or divinylbenzene mixture were converted into hydroxyl groups by hydroboration with diborane. This reagent enters very fast into the network of the microgels and reacts with all vinyl groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1977.021780609
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and characterization of bisacrylamide microgels containing sulfo groups (1985)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 186 (1985), S. 273-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Reactive microgels containing sulfo groups were prepared by copolymerization of N,N′-methylenediacrylamide (1) and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (2) in water. The composition of the microgels, their structure, density, molecular weight and viscosity in solution were examined depending on the composition of the monomer mixture and the reaction conditions.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1985.021860207
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