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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    BBA - Protein Structure 492 (1977), S. 204-214 
    ISSN: 0005-2795
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 22 (1985), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Large granular lymphocytes (LGL) share phenotypic and functional properties with monocytes. We have investigated the production of procoagulant activity (PCA), so far attributed to cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage, by LGL. Endotoxin triggered interleukin (I L-1) release and PCA activity by highly purified monocyte preparations. In contrast, LGL exposed to endotoxin produced IL-1 but had no PCA activity. Similarly ineffective in inducing PCA in LGL were other stimuli that either triggered monocyte PCA or stimulated the natural killer cytotoxicity of LGL. Thus, although LGL share properties with monocytes such as the capacity to produce IL-1, PCA is confined, among circulating leukocytes, to cells of the monocyte lineage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Arachidonate induces aggregation of human polymorphonuclear (PMN) and mononuclear (MNL) blood leukocytes. This is mediated by the lipoxygenase pathway, as it is prevented by lipoxygenase inhibitors and can also be induced by leukotriene B4 (LTB4). Vitamin E and vitamin C have profound effects on the functional state of leukocytes, some of which may involve the lipoxygenase pathway. This study shows that both vitamins inhibit arachidonate-induced aggregation of PMN and MNL, in a concentration-dependent way. BW-755, previously shown to inhibit arachidonate-induced PMN and NML aggregation, was found to potentiate the inhibitory activity of both vitamins. When LTB4 was used as an aggregating agent, vitamin E markedly inhibited PMN and MNL aggregation, whereas vitamin C was ineffective. The prevention of PMN and MNL aggregation by vitamin E might account, at least partially, for the reported beneficial effects of vitamin E supplementation in some experimental syndromes characterized by leukocyte activation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Following exposure to calcium ionophore A23187, washed peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNC) aggregated and formed thromboxane, like platelets. However, while aspirin strongly inhibited platelet aggregation and thromboxane formation, it had a little effect on the aggregation of MNC. In about 50% of the samples studied, aggregation of MNC was associated with the secretion of ATP. However studies in which exogenous ATP or ADP were used, suggested that the aggregation of MNC is independent of the secretion of nucleotides. MNC from 2 thrombasthenic patients failed to aggregate and bound 9–10 fold less radiolabelled fibrinogen than those from normals when challenged with A23187. However, fibrinogen, which plays a major role in the aggregation of platelets, did not appear to be involved in the aggregation of MNC. A differing behavior of these two types of cells was also found when the effect of plasma was studied on the aggregation response to A23187. Indeed, citrated plasma greatly enhanced the aggregation of platelets while it suppressed the response of MNC. This inhibitory effect of plasma was not detected when heparinized plasma was substituted for citrated plasma. We conclude that the aggregation of MNC in response to A23187 does not involve basic events known to play a major role in the aggregation of platelets. The response to A23187 may be an important probe for understanding basic mechanisms and pathophysiological significance of the aggregation of MNC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Retinoids exhibit a wide spectrum of activities, including antiinflammatory properties. We have investigated the effect of retinoic acid (RA) and retinyl acetate (RAc) on the production of reactive oxygen metabolites and the release of lysosomal enzymes by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). Incubation of PMN with RAc or RA (1–100 μM) caused a dose-dependent inhibition (upto 90%) in O 2 − production and chemiluminescence induced by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), N-formyl-methionylleucyl-phenylanaline (fMLP), opsonized zymosan or ionophore A23187. Both retinoids (1–100 μM) also inhibited, in a dose-dependent way, degranulation induced by fMLP (upto 85% at the highest concentration of RA). These inhibitory effects appear irreversible, since they persist after the drugs are removed and the cells washed before stimulation. Inhibitors of cyclo-oxygenase activity such as acetylsalicylic acid and indomethacin did not influence the effects of RAc. In contrast, BW755, an inhibitor of both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase, reversed the inhibitory action of RAc, suggesting that the effect of retinoids occurs possibly through the mediation of lipoxygenase products. The modulation of PMN oxidative metabolism and degranulation might help explain the antiinflammatory properties of retinoids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects in vitro of 4 purified lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preparations from Rickettsiae on platelets and leucocytes were studied in rabbits and in man. All LPS induced aggregation in rabbit platelet-rich plasma but to differing degrees. This activity was abolished by inactivation of complement. None of the preparations induced aggregation of human platelets. Both rabbit and human leucocytes, when incubated with each of the rickettsial LPS preparations, generated a potent procoagulant activity (tissue factor). These findings add further support to the concept that rickettsial LPS behave as typical LPS from gram-negative bacteria and may be relevant to the understanding of the mechanism(s) responsible for triggering intravascular coagulation in rickettsial diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 37 (1981), S. 494-495 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Endotoxin did not interact in vitro with prostacyclin activity but stimulated its release from vascular tissues when administered in single doses to rats 30 min before testing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Inflammation research 13 (1983), S. 461-469 
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Conclusions This was an attempt to outline the present status of our knowledge concerning the interactions of platelets with bacterial endotoxins and the contribution of these interactions to the pathogenesis of shock and DIC, which represent major complications of endotoxemia. In non-primates endotoxins elicit a number of complement-dependent and complement-independent responses which make them capable of contributing to the haemodynamic changes and the activation of blood coagulation observed in endotoxemia in several ways, as outlined in Fig. 1. However, the extent to which these phenomena participate to thein vivo pathophysiological changes still remains to be established. Available data have recently provided substantial support to the concept that human platelets are target cells for endotoxin, although in most studies high doses of endotoxin and absence of plasma were prerequisites for eliciting platelet responses. Further studies are needed to establish whether, and to what extent, the numerous reported effects, including the newly described endotoxin-induced cellular pathway of blood clotting activation, represent mechanisms by which endotoxin triggers shock and DIC in man.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mehrere Arten des GenusLegionella wurdenin vitro auf ihre Wirkung gegenüber menschlichen peripheren mononukleären Zellen geprüft. Nach langfristiger Inkubation mit Suspensionen reiner mononukleärer Zellen induzierten alle untersuchten Stämme die Bildung von Faktoren mit starker prokoagulatorischer Aktivität (Gewebefaktor). Dieser Effekt war abhängig von der Anzahl von Bakterien. Prokoagulatorische Aktivität war auch dann zu beobachten, wenn die Bakterien mit Citrat-Vollblut zusammengebracht wurden.Escherichia coli 0111:B4 wies eine denLegionella-Stämmen vergleichbare Aktivität auf,Staphylococcus aureus war hingegen sehr viel schwächer wirksam. Möglicherweise trägt Endotoxin-ähnliche Substanz in der äußeren Membran der Zellwand vonLegionella zur Stimulation der mononukleären Zellen bei. Der Gewebefaktor ist ein starker Aktivator der Blutgerinnung; der Nachweis seiner Bildung in mononukleären Zellen dürfte den Pathomechanismus der Aktivierung der intravasalen Gerinnung bei schwerer Legionellose aufklären helfen.
    Notes: Summary We investigated thein vitro effect of various members of the genusLegionella on human peripheral mononuclear cells. All the strains tested induced the generation of strong procoagulant activity (tissue factor) when incubated for a prolonged period of time with pure mononuclear cell suspensions. This effect was dependent on the number of bacteria. The production of mononuclear cell procoagulant activity was also observed after the addition of bacteria to citrated whole blood.Escherichia coli 0111:B4 showed similar activity, butStaphylococcus aureus was much less effective. These findings suggest that the presence of endotoxin-like substance(s) in the outer cell wall ofLegionellae could contribute to the stimulation of mononuclear cells. The production of tissue factor, a potent trigger of blood clotting, by these cells could help us to understand the mechanism(s) responsible for the activation of intravascular coagulation associated with severe legionellosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Trotz der hohen Inzidenz von Infektionen wird bei AIDS-Kranken nur selten eine diffuse intravasale Gerinnung beobachtet. Wir berichten über einen HIV-infizierten Patienten, der mit einer disseminierten Kryptokokkose aufgenommen wurde. Die Laborwerte zeigten eindeutig die Zeichen einer progredienten diffusen intravasalen Gerinnung mit Thrombozytopenie, verlängerter Prothrombinzeit und partieller Thromboplastinzeit, Hypofibrinogenämie, vermehrt Fibrin(ogen)-Abbauprodukten und D-Dimeren sowie vermindertem Antithrombin III, während die klinische Symptomatik schwach ausgeprägt war. Der Patient verstarb trotz intensiver Therapie mit Heparin und gefrorenem Frischplasma. Die diffuse Gerinnung wurde histologisch bestätigt. Bei AIDS-Kranken, die mit einer opportunistischen Infektion zur Aufnahme kommen, sollte anhand der Laborwerte sorgfältig nach einer diffusen Gerinnung gesucht werden, um diese Komplikation frühzeitig zu erkennen und die erforderlichen therapeutischen Maßnahmen sofort einleiten zu können.
    Notes: Summary Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is uncommon in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), despite the high incidence of infectious diseases. We describe an HIV-infected patient presenting with disseminated cryptococcosis, who had clear-cut laboratory evidence of progressively worsening DIC (thrombocytopenia, prolonged prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time, hypofibrinogenemia, increased fibrin(ogen) degradation products and D-Dimer, reduced antithrombin III), although the clinical signs of the disease were rather scarce. The patient died despite intense treatment, which included heparin and fresh frozen plasma, and DIC was confirmed histologically. It is suggested that, in a patient with AIDS presenting with an opportunistic infection, laboratory signs of DIC should be carefully checked to early recognize this complication and promptly initiate the required therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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