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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 7556-7572 
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Mathematik , Physik
    Notizen: We consider the Kerr and Schwarzschild black-hole space–times in the framework of a three-dimensional formulation of relativistic kinematics and field dynamics, in which local physical observers are represented by non-singular vector fields of bounded length in a three-dimensional pseudo-Riemannian space. A space–time is represented by a pair of 3-metric and a fundamental 3-vector field satisfying a set of basic equations, each solution of which determines uniquely a solution of the vacuum Einstein field equations. It is shown that the only spherically symmetric solution of our basic equations leads to the Schwarzschild space–time, thereby proving a version of Birkoff's theorem in this formalism. The Schwarzschild horizon and the Kerr stationary limit are both related to the upper bound of the length of the corresponding physical 3-vector fields. An example of a solution of the vacuum Einstein field equations shows that nonstationary space–times can also be formulated in this three-dimensional relativity. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Multiple antibiotic-resistant Shigella dysenteriae type 1 isolates from a recent epidemic in West Bengal (India) showed identical plasmid patterns. All isolates were resistant to ampicillin (Am), chloramphenicol (Cm), tetracycline (Tc), streptomycin (Sm) and trimethoprim (Tp) and contained 6 plasmids, ranging from 2.5–120 kb. The Am resistance determinant was located on the 120 kb plasmid. This plasmid was unstable when the S. dysenteriae strains were grown above 37°C. The Bangladesh strains of S. dysenteriae type 1 showed identical plasmid patterns, except that many isolates were Am-sensitive and lacked the 120 kb plasmid. In strains from both Bangladesh and West Bengal, predominantly group-B plasmids conferred resistance to Cm and Tc. Comparisons of EcoR1 fragments generated from the total plasmid DNA content of each strain support the view that the plasmids present in the S. dysenteriae type 1 strains isolated from all recent epidemics in India and Bangladesh were identical.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Previous studies have identified enteroadherent Escherichia coli that exhibit localized adherence, diffuse adherence and atypical diffuse adherence as diarrhoeagenic agents associated with infantile diarrhoea in Calcutta, India. In this study, a DNA probe specific for enteroaggregatove adherence was used to determine the etiological significance of enteroaggregative E. coli in the causation of diarrhoea. From a total of 330 strains of E. coli recovered from 159 cases of acute secretory diarrhoea and 174 cases of invasive diarrhoea, 20 strains hybridized with the probe, whereas of the 25 E. coli strains recovered from 25 healthy controls only 1 strain hybridized with the probe. Of the 21 probe positive strains, 19 adhered to HeLa cells in the typical stacked-brick pattern while 2 strains recovered from 2 cases of secretory diarrhoea adhered to the glass surface in a hitherto undescribed formation which we have termed, based on the appearance, as the honey-comb pattern. The enteroaggregative E. coli strains identified in this study did not produce any conventional enterotoxins and were significantly associated with patients with secretory diarrhoea (10.7%) than with invasive diarrhoea (1.7%). The results of this study indicate that enteroaggregative E. coli play a causal role in acute secretory diarrhoea in this part of the world which lends credence to the involvement of a potent toxin in the pathogenesis of EAggEC mediated infections.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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