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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Postnatal development of the light and electron microscopic features of basket cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of the rat (1990)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 181 (1990), S. 547-565 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Basket cells ; Hippocampus ; Dentate gyrus ; Rat ; Postnatal development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Light and electron microscopic preparations were used to analyze the postnatal development of the basket cells of the rat dentate gyrus. The basket cells, located at the hilar border, were recognized in 2-day-old rats in Golgi preparations, where they displayed immature dendrites and a small axon arbor in the granule cell layer. At 5 days, the basket cells were found to have a large perikaryal cytoplasm, a round nucleus, an axon that forms symmetric synapses with granule cells, and dendrites and somata that are contacted by other axon terminals. The 10-day basket cells display more mature features, such as Nissl bodies and well-developed Golgi complexes. The basket cells from 16-day-old rats are mature in terms of their ultrastructural features, in that the nuclei are highly indented and display intranuclear rods or sheets, the perikaryal cytoplasm is packed with organelles, and the axon has developed an extensive arborization with the somata and dendrites of granule cells at the border with the molecular layer. This arborization will continue to expand as more granule cells are generated and added to the hilar border. These data correlate well with the immunocytochemical and biochemical development of GABAergic neurons in the dentate gyrus. Furthermore, the maturation of the structure of basket cells appears to precede the appearance of adult-like electrical activity in the hippocampus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00174627
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development and structure of the radial glia in the postnatal rat brain (1980)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 160 (1980), S. 213-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Radial glia ; Golgi method ; Brain development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Postnatal development of radial glial cells was examined in albino rats. Until the 10th postnatal day radial glial cells were seen in the lateral ventricles, in the third ventricle (throughout its whole extent), in the aqueduct and in the fourth ventricle. The morphological appearance of radial glial cells was very variable in the different regions. After the 10th day radial glial cells (tanycytes) were seen only in the wall of the third ventricle. According to their appearance it was possible to undertake a morphological grouping. Considerable changes of the morphology of individual tanycytes could be observed in the median eminence and in the ventral hypothalamus between the 5th and 21st days. It was found that the peripheral processes of tanycytes ended near the nerve cells or on the cell body, on capillaries of the hypothalamic nuclei or on the pial surface. In a number of cases one tanycyte process contacted both the blood vessels of the hypothalamus and the pial surface. In view of their morphology the tanycytes can be assumed to transport material between different extracellular spaces, and/or to excrete material. The radial glial cells of the lateral ventricles can serve as guides for the postnatally formed microneurons and later can either transform to astroglia or degenerate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00301862
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The postnatal development of rat dentate gyrus and the effect of early thyroid hormone treatment (1977)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 151 (1977), S. 335-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Autoradiography ; Hippocampus ; Neurogenesis ; Rat ; Thyroid hormone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The postnatal development of the dentate gyrus and the effect of 5 μg/day triiodothyronine treatment was examined by means of tritiated thymidine autoradiography. The polymorph layer of the dentate gyrus is a secondary germinal layer and forms cells for the granular layer. The cell formation in the dentate gyrus was found to be nearly completed on the 21st day, but development ended only in adulthood. Thyroid-hormone treatment did not affect significantly the postnatal cell formation of the dentate gyrus, but resulted in the appearance of a great number of pycnotic cells in the granular layer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318935
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct commissural connections to the basket cells of the hippocampal dentate gyrus: anatomical evidence for feed-forward inhibition (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of neurocytology 13 (1984), S. 215-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7381
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary After lesions were placed in the hippocampal commissures, degenerating terminals could be localized above, inside and beneath the granule cell layer of the contralateral dentate gyrus. The terminals formed asymmetric synapses with spines, dendritic shafts and somata of granule cells. Degenerating terminals also formed synapses with dendrites and somata of basket cells identified by the Golgi-electron microscope technique. These basket cells were located either at the hilar border of the granule cell layer or in the molecular layer and each formed an axonal plexus around the somata and proximal dendrites of granule cells. These observations provide an anatomical basis for the recently described feed-forward inhibition in this brain region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01148116
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A combined Golgi-electron microscopic study of non-pyramidal neurons in the CA 1 area of the hippocampus (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of neurocytology 14 (1985), S. 717-730 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7381
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Non-pyramidal neurons of the CA 1 area of the rat hippocampus were identified with a combined Golgi-electron microscopic method. They were observed to have distinctive light and electron microscopic characteristics that are different from those of pyramidal cells. These features included smooth dendrites, locally arborizing axons, infolded cell nuclei with intranuclear rods or sheets, and a well-developed perikaryal cytoplasm with many organelles. In addition, the axon terminals that contact the somata and dendrites of local circuit neurons may form asymmetric as well as symmetric synapses. The axons of these cells form symmetric synapses with dendrites and somata of pyramidal cells. Some of these features were utilized to identify non-pyramidal neurons of the CA 1 area for studies of connectivity. Degenerating commissural terminals were found to form synapses with the dendrites and somata of non-pyramidal neurons. These results indicate that these neurons are a significant population of hippocampal neurons that may provide feed-forward inhibition of pyramidal neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01170824
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Five types of basket cell in the hippocampal dentate gyrus: a combined Golgi and electron microscopic study (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of neurocytology 12 (1983), S. 577-597 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7381
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Five types of basket cell in the hippocampal denate gyrus of rats were analysed with a combined Golgi and electron microscopic method. Light microscopic observations show that the large somata of these different cell types are located either in the granule cell layer or within 30–50 μm of this layer. The somata of basket cells are pyramidal, horizontal, fusiform or multipolar. Dendrites of basket cells are aspinous or sparsely spinous and are found in all layers of the dentate gyrus. Their axons form an extensive plexus in the granule cell and lower molecular layers. Electron microscopic preparations of Golgi-impregnated, gold-toned basket cells revealed gold-labelled neurons with distinct ultrastructural features. All somata of basket cells displayed an extensive perikaryal cytoplasm with large Nissl bodies and nuclei with infoldings, euchromatin, intranuclear rods and sheets, and large nucleoli. The aspinous dendrites as well as the somata had a mixture of asymmetric and symmetric synapses on their surfaces. Basket cell dendrites located in the hilus were contacted by numerous terminals with characteristics of mossy fibres derived from granule cells. Some of these terminals were identified positively in preparations that also contained impregnated granule cells. The axons of basket cells formed exclusively symmetric synapses. The most common postsynaptic structures to these terminals were the somata and dendrites of granule cells. Dendritic spines were rarely contacted by basket cell axons while the axon hillocks and initial segments of granule cells were never contacted. These findings are consistent with previous immunocytochemical, and physiological data that indicate feedback inhibitory mechanisms in the dentate gyrus are mediated via mossy fibre collaterals which synapse with GABAergic basket cells. In addition, the electron microscopic data for basket cells are similar to those for aspinous stellate cells in the neocortex, another type of cortical, GABAergic local circuit neuron. Thus, the basket cells in the dentate gyrus may have a function similar to other inhibitory, cortical local circuit neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01181525
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The development, ultrastructure and synaptic connections of the mossy cells of the dentate gyrus (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of neurocytology 14 (1985), S. 835-857 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7381
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary One of the most distinctive and common cell types in Golgi preparations of the hilus of the rat dentate gyrus is the mossy cell. We have used a variety of techniques including the Golgi method, the combined Golgi and electron microscopic (EM) method and the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to study the development, ultrastructure and synaptic connections of this cell type. The mossy cells identified in our light microscopic preparations are characterized by: (1) triangular or multipolar shaped somata; (2) three to four primary dendrites that arise from the soma and bifurcate once or more to produce an extensive dendritic arborization restricted, for the most part, to the hilus; (3) numerous thorny excrescences on their somata and proximal dendrites with typical spines on distal dendrites; and (4) axons that bifurcate and are directed toward the fimbria and the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus. The mossy cells have an immature appearance at birth and on subsequent days their maturation appears to lag somewhat behind that of the hippocampal pyramidal cells. On postnatal day 1, many of the dendrites bear growth cones primarily at their termini and have long, thin filipodia emanating from various points along their lengths. Many of the dendrites enter the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus, though this is rarely seen in the mature brain. Typical pedunculate spines are first commonly seen on the distal dendrites around postnatal day 7 while thorny excrescences are first commonly seen between postnatal days 11 and 14. By postnatal day 21, the dendrites have attained a mature appearance although the density of both typical spines and thorny excrescences is less than that found in adults. Two different retrograde transport methods were used to confirm that mossy cells give rise to the commissural projection to the contralateral dentate gyrus. The first method combined HRP histochemistry with a silver intensification procedure and the second method combined HRP histochemistry with Golgi staining. While the majority of commissurally projecting hilar neurons had the appearance of mossy cells, there were others that were smaller and either ovoid or fusiform.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01170832
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regional effect of monosodium-L-glutamate on the superficial layers of superior colliculus in rat (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 235 (1984), S. 453-457 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Monosodium-1-glutamate ; Neuropathology ; Rat ; Superior colliculus ; Toxicology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Systemic administration of monosodium-1-gluta-mate by single injections of 4 mg/g body weight in infant rats (2–10 days of age) results in acute swelling of cytoplasm and nuclear pyknosis of neurons in the stratum zonale and stratum griseum superficiale of the superior colliculus. Multiple daily doses of 4 mg/g body weight monosodium-1-glutamate result in an almost complete loss of neurons in these two superficial layers. The deeper layers appear not to be affected. No pathological effects were observed in the lateral geniculate body or pretectal complex. Light-and electron-microscopic studies reveal that the optic nerves are remarkably shrunken and many myelinated as well as unmyelinated axons are lost. Injection of 3Hproline into the vitreous body of one eye results in limited transport to the suprachiasmatic nucleus, lateral geniculate body and to lateral portions of the superior colliculus. The small percentage of intact axons in the optic nerve, as well as the limited proline transport from the eye, suggest that administration of monosodium-1-glutamate leaves intact some optic fibers, a portion of which belongs to the retinohypothalamic tract.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217873
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