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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental dermatology 20 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2230
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Fungal infections of the skin are caused by dermatophyte fungi. Infections can be acute and inflammatory or chronic and non-inflammatory; it is believed that cell-mediated immunity is the cornerstone of host defence and is instrumental in the eradication of the infection. We describe here parameters of the immune response of a group of patients who although not immunocompromised, suffered from widespread and chronic infections. All patients lacked a specific delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response; however, their in vitro lymphocyte proliferation in response to Trichophyton rubrum extract and to other fungal antigens was normal. The patients were not atopic by clinical history, and yet had high levels of non-specific IgE and of T. rubrum-specific IgG4. Taken together, the results of this study suggest that the group of patients studied suffered from an immune imbalance which has characteristics of a Th2-type response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 32 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Transfer of allergy from atopic bone marrow donors to recipients is known to occur. Development of allergy in a non-atopic patient transplanted from a non-atopic donor is an unfamiliar phenomenon in clinical practice.Objectives To clarify the course of events causing a bone marrow recipient to acquire an allergic disease in such non-conducive circumstances.Methods Full medical history, prick and intradermal skin tests, and serum IgE levels were obtained from both donor and recipient patients. DNA and red blood cell phenotype analyses were used to detect the degree of chimerism.Results Only the recipient patient showed positive specific IgE antibodies and skin tests to house dust mite. The recipient patient displayed 100% donor chimera, based on all engraftment markers sought.Conclusion Full engraftment after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation may be associated with modulation ofT and B cell function, which in turn could cause the onset of allergic disease after bone marrow transplantation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 25 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background In vivo rush desensitization is a procedure widely employed to quickly desensitizo allergic patients by administering increasing doses of the offending antigen at short intervals. The mechanism(s) underlying this process and the possible role of mast cells in it have not been well delineated.Objective To define an ex vivo model for rush desensitization utilizing the mast cell-fibroblast coculture system.Methods Rat peritoneal mast cells were cultured on 3T3 fibroblasls and were pre-incubated with saturating or suboptimal concentrations of IgE anti-DNP antibodies. Mast cells were then repeatedly challenged at 30 min intervals, with increasing amounts (0.001 100ng/mL) of the antigen DNP-HSA, in the presence of calcium ions. Parallel control cultures were stimulated only once by each antigen concentration. In another set of experiments, mast cells were repeatedly activated with increasing concentrations (0.1-1000 ng/mL) of compound 48/80. Supernatants and cell sonicates were assessed for histamine content and the percentage of histamine released was calculated.Results When saturating concentrations of IgE anti-DNP antibodies were used, mast cells challenged repeatedly with DNP-HSA did not release significant amounts of histamine up to an antigen concentration of I ng/mL. At this stage they were partially desensitized, releasing only 108.3 . 17.1 ng histamine/plate (7.9±0.8%). A marked desensitization was observed at optimal antigen concentration (100 ng/mL). where experimental mast cells released only 45.6±10.9ng/plate, compared with 661.9±48.2ng/plate in firstly challenged cultures. Desensitization was probably not due to mast cells histamine depletion, since the cells still contained large amounts of histamine (579.5±108.6ng/plate) at the end of the procedure. A similar pattern of desensitization was observed when mast cell were preincubated with a subotimal concentration of IgE antibodies. Activation of mast cells with increasing amounts of the IgE-independent secretagogue, compound 48/80. did not cause desensitization since at each concentration both repetitively challenged and control cultures released similar amounts of histamine. Furthermore, challenge of antigen-desensitized mast cells with compound 48/80 caused the release of 75.9±4.9% histamine comparable to the percentage of histamine released from controls (79.5±6.7).Conclusion Repeated exposure of mast cells to gradually increasing amounts of antigen induces their refractoriness. This observation would suggest a role for mast cells in rush desensitization procedure in vivo. Our coculture system may serve as a useful model for studying this process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 34 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Heparin-related immediate-type hypersensitivity reactions like urticaria, angio-oedema or bronchospasm are very rare, and only a few cases of anaphylaxis-like responses because of heparin have been described. However, the mechanisms underlying these reactions and the role of mast cells in their pathogenesis have not been elucidated.Objectives We report a patient with end-stage renal disease who presented with recurrent anaphylaxis after receiving heparin during haemodialysis. The underlying aetiology was obscured by the initiation of haemodialysis with its known anaphylactic-like side-effects. The diagnosis of hypersensitivity to heparin was confirmed by the clinical picture, positive skin tests and elevated serum tryptase levels.Materials and methods We performed prick and intradermal skin tests with heparin, enoxaparin and danaparoid heparinoid. Total and mature tryptase levels were measured in serum by ELISAs at 1, 24 and 36 h following the reaction.Results An elevated mature tryptase level was found at 1 h, which returned to normal levels at 24 and 36 h. A high total tryptase level was detected at 1 h, but remained somewhat elevated at 24 h. Prick tests were negative with the three compounds. Intradermal skin tests with heparin and enoxaparin were both positive, while with danaparoid negative. Following negative skin test results, danaparoid was used as an anticoagulant during dialysis for the next 3 years without any adverse effects.Conclusions In conclusion, we report the first case of heparin-induced anaphylaxis confirmed by an elevated level of mature tryptase in serum. Following skin tests, the patient was treated with danaparoid during haemodialysis sessions three times a week without any adverse effects. Because of increasing use of heparin in daily medical practice, physicians should be aware of possible immediate hypersensitivity reactions to this medication and know how to diagnose and treat them.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 53 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To assess human mast-cell (MC) behavior after repetitive activation, we cocultured human foreskin MC (SMC) with human foreskin fibroblasts (F). Under these conditions, we have previously demonstrated that SMC keep their viability and functional activity for up to 8 days. SMC were presensitized with atopic serum and repeatedly activated by consecutively increasing concentrations of anti-IgE antibodies (α-IgE, 0.0002–0.1). This treatment, which mimics the “rush desensitization” procedure, led to complete SMC unresponsiveness to activation by a-IgE at optimal concentrations, as evaluated by histamine release. However, presensitization of SMC with IgE antibodies before exposure to α-IgE restored their sensitivity to this stimulus. These data indicate that desensitization was probably due to lack of membrane-bound IgE rather than to downregulation of intracellular mechanisms. In fact, SMC challenged by an optimal concentration of α-lgE could release histamine upon a second activation by 2 h after the first activation, if the cells had been presensitized before the second challenge. SMC incubation with increasing concentrations of compound 48/80 (0.2–10μg/ml) led to MC unresponsiveness to an optimal concentration of this stimulus. Furthermore, SMC activated by an optimal concentration of compound 48/80 and rechallenged with the same agent were insensitive to the second activation for at least 24 h. In summary, we have shown that it is possible to induce “desensitization” in SMC to both IgEdependent and IgE-independent stimuli by incubating the cultures with consecutively increasing concentrations of the activator. SMC can release histamine when reactivated with a-IgE antibodies after presensitization by 2 h after the first challenge, while they reacquire their susceptibility to reactivation with compound 48/80 in only 2–3 days.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1365-2214
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Summary An evaluation of intellectual, personal and social functioning was made in 16 young patients with craniopharyngioma. No changes were found in the overall IQ verbal and performances scores before and after operation, however, discrepancies between verbal and performance scores suggest that one of the manifestations of craniopharyngioma in children are disturbances in cognitive functions. The decrease in the quality of life of the patients and their families manifested through the deterioration of familial and social relationships and the decrease in scholastic achievements lead to the conclusion that children with craniopharyngioma and their families require close psychological supervision and counselling both before and after surgery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 55 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 129 (1994), S. 121-126 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Cerebellopontine angle ; cranial base tumour ; meningioma ; neurinoma ; microsurgery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thirty-three patients with giant (diameter⩾4.5 cm) cranial base tumours who underwent surgery at the Hadassah Hospital over the last ten years are described. Twenty-three of the patients had meningiomas, 4 neurinomas, one giant cell tumour, one haemangiopericytoma, and 4 had malignant meningiomas. Four tumours were at the cerebellopontine angle, 9 within the anterior cranial fossa, 8 petroclival, 8 on middle fossa floor, and 4 along the sphenoid ridge. The average pre-operative symptom duration was 31 months, range 3–180 months. Nineteen patients had a radical tumour resection, 10 subtotal, and 4 a partial resection on an average 1.7 operations per patient. The mean follow-up period from the first operation was 39 months (range 2–120). There was no mortality peri-operatively or during the follow-up period. The mean pre-operative Karnofsky score was 68 and at the last follow-up 76. There was no correlation between histology and degree of resection, complications, or status at last follow-up. The best resections (92% radical) and outcome (mean Karnofsky 92) with the least number of operations (mean 1.4) were in the anterior fossa and along the sphenoid wing. The patients requiring the most operations (mean 2.1), having the smallest percentage of radical resections (25%) and the least favourable outcomes (mean Karnofsky 52) were those with petroclival tumours. Patients with giant cranial base tumours have a good overall long-term prognosis, but especially those with petroclival tumours challenge us to improve our techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 54 (1980), S. 251-255 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Pituitary apoplexy ; blindness ; pituitary tumour ; carotid angiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case is described of pituitary apoplexy and consequent blindness during carotid angiography. The possibility of haemorrhage from the fragile pathological vessels of the tumour due to an increase in pressure in the carotid system during angiography is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 47 (1979), S. 161-172 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary External continuous ventricular drainage (CVD) in patients suffering from obstructive hydrocephalus is being used in many neurosurgical centers as a routine procedure for the temporary relief of intracranial pressure. The results of this treatment have been insufficiently evaluated. In the present study two groups of patients were investigated. In one, CVD was never used. In the other one it was used in all cases. It was found that the use of CVD decreased mortality rate most significantly. It is recommended that CVD should be used as a temporary measure for the treatment of the increased intracranial pressure in patients suffering from obstructive hydrocephalus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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