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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 6651-6654 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Ag ions were implanted in LiNbO3 at energies of 25 keV and 3 MeV. Optical absorption spectra were measured in the visible range. A large absorption peak due to small colloidal Ag metal was observed at 460 and 510 nm for the as-implanted sample at 3 MeV and 25 keV, respectively. Subsequently, the samples were heated in air up to 600 °C. The absorption peak moved toward longer wavelengths up to 560 nm when the sample was heated at high temperature. Small droplets of metallic Ag expelled from the implanted layer formed on the surface of the sample even when the samples were held at room temperature. The number and size of the droplets grew with time and their growth was accelerated when the samples were heated at high temperature. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 406-408 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Optical characteristics of LiNbO3 implanted with Au+ ions at energy of 23 keV were studied. The color of the surface of the LiNbO3 was changed to blue-green and a large absorption peak around 620 nm was observed. The surface morphology was also found to change with time. Metallic Au dots were observed on the surface after implantation and grew from day to day when the samples were held at room temperature. The absorption peak produced by Au+ implantation was relatively stable toward thermal treatment compared to that of Cu+ implantation into LiNbO3. But as the sample was heated at temperatures higher than about 500 °C, this peak gradually decreased and finally disappeared. These characteristics were explained fairly well by the behavior of Au colloids formed in the surface layer of LiNbO3. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 3621-3626 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Cu ion implantation in LiNbO3 was done at widely different energies. Optical absorption spectra were measured in the visible range. Samples were heated to 500 °C in air for different times. Depth profiles and the electronic state of Cu for the samples at low ion energies were measured by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Identification of the elements and measurement of the concentration of droplets on the surface were done by inductive coupled plasma spectroscopy. A large, sharp absorption peak is observed at 596 nm for the as-implanted sample at 3 MeV and a large, broad peak at 610 nm for the sample at 25 keV. These absorption peaks are explained in terms of Cu colloids formed in LiNbO3, but the electronic state of Cu in the implanted layer is not that of pure copper. Cu atoms segregate from the implanted layer to the surface, where they form small droplets. The droplet precipitation occurs even at room temperature and is accelerated at high temperature. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1181
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Entsprechend der in [1–3] beschriebenen Methode der Ähnlichkeitstransformation werden die gewöhnlichen Differential — Grundgleichungen der laminaren freien Konvektion von Gasen unter Verwendung der Boussinesq — Approximation aufgestellt. Diese Gleichungen entsprechen, wie in [2, 3] beschrieben, dem FallT w /T ∞ → 1 undn c p → 0. Die Abweichungen der berechneten örtlichen Nusselt-Zahlen infolge Vernachlässigung der Veränderlichkeit der thermophysikalischen Stoffwerte werden in Abhängigkeit vonT w /T ∞ für mehrere Gase ermittelt, wobei sich herausstellt, daß die Veränderlichkeit der Stoffwerte bei der Berechnung zu berücksichtigen ist.
    Notes: Abstract According to the similarity transformation method described in [1–3], the ordinary differential governing equations of laminar free convection of gases with Boussinesq's approximation are set up. The equations are corresponding to the caseT w /T ∞ → 1 and c p → 0 as discussed in [2, 3]. The deviations of the predicted local heat transfer coefficients and local Nusselt numbers due to ignoring the variable thermophysical properties are calculated out theT w /T T ∞ for several gases, and the necessity of the treatment for considering variable thermophysical properties is pointed out.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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