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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 772 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Capsular polysaccharide production by group A Streptococcus (GAS) is controlled by transcription of the has operon that encodes the enzymes uniquely required for synthesis of the hyaluronic acid polysaccharide. To investigate the regulation of capsule gene expression during infection, we developed a reporter strain of GAS in which the has operon promoter directed transcription of green fluorescent protein (GFP). Gfp expression was triggered within minutes after introduction of the reporter strain into the peritoneal cavity of mice, as evidenced by the recovery of highly fluorescent GAS from the peritoneum 1 h after challenge. Capsule gene expression was also stimulated in the bloodstream of infected mice, as intensely fluorescent bacteria were observed in blood samples collected after either intraperitoneal or intravenous challenge. Using a similar approach, we also observed rapid induction of capsule gene expression in bacteria inoculated into the pharynx of baboons. Compared to the inoculum, increased green fluorescence was recorded in bacteria recovered from throat swabs collected 1 h after inoculation in all five animals studied. We conclude that introduction of GAS into the pharynx or into deep tissues results in rapid induction of has operon expression, a critical adaptive response that enhances GAS survival in the infected host.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of dynamics and differential equations 3 (1991), S. 199-271 
    ISSN: 1572-9222
    Keywords: Shock waves ; heteroclinic orbits ; Melnikov integral ; Riemann problem ; hyperbolic conservation laws ; bifurcation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We study 2×2 systems of hyperbolic conservation laws near an umbilic point. These systems have Undercompressive shock wave solutions, i.e., solutions whose viscous profiles are represented by saddle connections in an associated family of planar vector fields. Previous studies near umbilic points have assumed that the flux function is a quadratic polynomial, in which case saddle connections lie on invariant lines. We drop this assumption and study saddle connections using Golubitsky-Schaeffer equilibrium bifurcation theory and the Melnikov integral, which detects the breaking of heteroclinic orbits. The resulting information is used to construct solutions of Riemann problems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archive for rational mechanics and analysis 93 (1986), S. 45-59 
    ISSN: 1432-0673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archive for rational mechanics and analysis 108 (1989), S. 267-280 
    ISSN: 1432-0673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Keywords: Idiotype components ; Simian virus 40
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Baculovirus-derived recombinant simian virus 40 (SV40) large tumor antigen (SV40 T-Ag), a monoclonal antibody specific for SV40 T-Ag (Ab-1 preparation), and a monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody (anti-Id), designated 58D, were used to analyze the humoral immune response of Balb/c mice either immunized with recombinant SV40 T-Ag or challenged with SV40-transformed cells. Inhibition assays indicated that antibodies from mice immunized with SV40 T-Ag and from those bearing SV40 tumor inhibited the SV40 T-Ag/Ab-1 reaction. These data suggested that the antibody response in immunized or tumorchallenged mice recognized similar epitope(s) on SV40 T-Ag to that detected by the monoclonal Ab-1. These anti-(SV40 T-Ag) response antibodies also inhibited the Ab-1/anti-Id reaction and recognized the anti-Id in direct binding assays. Together, these data indicate that murine anti-(SV40 T-Ag) responses shared an idiotope with a monoclonal anti-(SV40 T-Ag) Ab-1 preparation. This idiotope, which is recognized by the monoclonal anti-Id preparation, 58D, appears to be involved in the humoral immune response to SV40 T-Ag in both SV40-T-Ag-immunized and tumor-bearing mice. The monoclonal anti-Id preparation may represent a focal point for manipulating the humoral immune response to tumors induced by SV40-transformed cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Keywords: Simian virus 40 ; Idiotype expression ; Tumor antigen ; Epitope specificity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Baculovirus-derived recombinant simian virus 40 (SV40) large tumor antigen (SV40 T-Ag) was used to immunize inbred strains of mice to compare the humoral immune responses. Specifically we examined the epitope specificities and idiotype (Id) expression on anti-(SV40 T-Ag) responses induced in BALB/c and C57BL/6 inbred strains of mice. The predominant SV40 T-Ag epitopes recognized by the anti-(SV40 T-Ag) responses appeared to differ between these two inbred strains, this being based on the ability of sera to inhibit the binding of several murine monoclonal antibodies specific for SV40 T-Ag. In addition, anti-(SV40 T-Ag) responses produced in C57BL/6 mice failed to express a previously described cross-reactive Id expressed in the anti-(SV40 T-Ag) response in BALB/c mice. This cross-reactive Id is detected by a mouse monoclonal anti-Id, designated 58D, which has been shown to represent a potential focal point for manipulating the humoral immune response to SV40-induced tumors in BALB/c mice. Together, these data indicate that the functional duality of the humoral immune response, as assessed by epitope recognition and Id expression, differs between these two inbred strains of mice when immunized with a recombinant SV40 T-Ag.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Keywords: Key words Tumor antigens ; Tumor immunity ; Helper T-lymphocytes ; Interleukin ; Interferon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Baculovirus-derived recombinant simian virus 40 (SV40) large tumor antigen (T-Ag) was used to immunize BALB/c mice to examine the lymphokines produced following immunization. Specifically, we examined production of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-5 and interferon γ (IFNγ) from immune lymphocytes cultured with decreasing concentrations of recombinant SV40 T-Ag. We identified elevated levels of IFNγ and IL-2 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a murine CTLL-2 proliferation bioassay respectively. We were unable to detect either IL-4 or IL-5. These data indicate the previously reported tumor immunity induced by recombinant SV40 T-Ag immunization most likely reflects a TH1-like immune response based on the in vitro production of both IFNγ and IL-2 by immune lymphocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Keywords: Tumor antigens ; Tumor immunity ; Helper T-lymphocytes ; Interleukin ; Interferon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Baculovirus-derived recombinant simian virus 40 (SV40) large tumor antigen (T-Ag) was used to immunize BALB/c mice to examine the lymphokines produced following immunization. Specifically, we examined production of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-5 and interferon γ (IFNγ) from immune lymphocytes cultured with decreasing concentrations of recombinant SV40 T-Ag. We identified elevated levels of IFNγ and IL-2 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a murine CTLL-2 proliferation biossay respectively. We were unable to detect either IL-4 or IL-5. These data indicate the previously reported tumor immunity induced by recombinant SV40 T-Ag immunization most likely reflects a TH1-like immune response based on thein vitro production of both IFNγ and IL-2 by immune lymphocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature America Inc.
    Nature medicine 5 (1999), S. 427-430 
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Neonates face a high risk of infection because of the immaturity of their immune systems. Although the transplacental transfer of maternal antibodies to the fetus may convey improved postnatal immunity, this transfer occurs late in gestation and may fail to prevent in utero infection. Both ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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