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  • 1
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract : Presynaptic D2 dopamine (DA) autoreceptors,which are well known to modulate DA release, have recently been shown toregulate DA transporter (DAT) activity. To examine the effects ofD2 DA receptor deficiency on DA release and DAT activity in dorsalstriatum, we used mice genetically engineered to have two(D2+/+), one (D2+/-), or no(D2-/-) functional copies of the gene coding for theD2 DA receptor. In vivo microdialysis studies demonstrated thatbasal and K+-evoked extracellular DA concentrations were similar inall three genotypes. However, using in vivo electrochemistry, theD2-/- mice were found to have decreased DAT function,i.e., clearance of locally applied DA was decreased by 50% relative to that inD2+/+ mice. In D2+/+ mice, but notD2-/- mice, local application of the D2-likereceptor antagonist raclopride increased DA signal amplitude, indicatingdecreased DA clearance. Binding assays with the cocaine analogue[3H]WIN 35,428 showed no genotypic differences in either density oraffinity of DAT binding sites in striatum or substantia nigra, indicating thatthe differences seen in DAT activity were not a result of decreased DATexpression. These results further strengthen the idea that the D2 DA receptor subtype modulates activity of the striatal DAT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Chemistry of materials 7 (1995), S. 1597-1600 
    ISSN: 1520-5002
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 419 (2002), S. 134-134 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] One strategy that is being pursued to tackle the international problem of actinide contamination of soils, sediments and water is to use microbial activity to 'fix' these radionuclides into an insoluble form that cannot be readily dispersed. Here we show that uraninite (UO2) ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Chromatography A 317 (1984), S. 443-453 
    ISSN: 0021-9673
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishers Inc
    Journal of personality 70 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-6494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: Two experiments investigated how self-esteem guides people'semotional responses to changing evaluative feedback. In both experiments, participants receivedan initial evaluation (either positive or negative) followed by a second evaluation (either positiveor negative). Emotional reactions to the second evaluation were then assessed. High self-esteemparticipants found feedback that was consistently negative to be most distressing, whereas lowself-esteem participants were most disturbed by feedback that changed from positive to negative.The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 77 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In the last few years various advances have contributed to an increased understanding of Photosystem II (PS II). Most notably, the X-ray diffraction analysis of crystallized bacterial reaction centers, along with the recognition that there is functional and structural homology between the bacterial reaction center and PS II, has led to detailed information regarding the potential function of individual proteins and residues in the PS II complex. In-depth studies of PS II structure and function, however, require the availability of specific mutants in which certain proteins have been altered. Recombinant DNA technology has provided the methodology by which generation of such mutants has become feasible. This minireview focuses on methods for mutagenesis of PS II components and on the impact of mutant analysis on the understanding of PS II structure and function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Haloperidol ; Ethanol ; Conditioned place aversion ; Conditioned place preference ; Inbred mice (DBA/2J) ; Locomotor activity ; Reward ; Dopamine system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This experiment examined the impact of a dopamine receptor blocker on ethanol's rewarding effect in a place conditioning paradigm. DBA/2J mice received four pairings of a tactile stimulus with ethanol (2 g/kg, IP), haloperidol (0.1 mg/kg, IP) + ethanol, or haloperidol alone. A different stimulus was paired with saline. Ethanol produced increases in locomotor activity that were reduced by haloperidol. However, conditioned preference for the ethanol-paired stimulus was not affected by haloperidol. Haloperidol alone decreased locomotor activity during conditioning and produced a place aversion. These results indicate a dissociation of ethanol's activating and rewarding effects. Moreover, they suggest that ethanol's ability to induce conditioned place preference is mediated by nondopaminergic mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words Cocaine ; Reward ; Reinforcement ; Conditioned place preference ; Place conditioning ; Locomotor activity ; Sensitization ; Behavioral genetic ; Inbred mice ; C57BL/6J ; DBA/2J
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Rationale: In previous comparisons with C57BL/6J mice, DBA/2J mice have been characterized as ”hyporesponsive” to cocaine’s rewarding effect in the conditioned place-preference paradigm. This finding contrasts with other studies showing greater sensitivity of DBA/2J mice to the rewarding effects of ethanol and morphine in the place conditioning task. Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to examine cocaine- induced place conditioning in both strains using apparatus and procedures similar to those used previously to assess ethanol and morphine preference conditioning. Methods: Mice from both strains were exposed to an unbiased place-conditioning procedure using 1, 10, or 30 mg/kg cocaine. Conditioning trial duration was 15, 30, or 60 min. Results: In general, C57BL/6J mice displayed a significant conditioned place preference that was relatively unaffected by cocaine dose or trial duration. In contrast, DBA/2J mice showed no place conditioning at the shortest trial duration, but an increasing level of preference as trial duration increased. At the longest trial duration, both strains showed similar levels of place preference. Conclusions: Genetic differences in sensitivity to cocaine’s rewarding effect depend critically on temporal parameters of the place-conditioning procedure. One possible interpretation of these findings is that short trial durations produce conditioned activity responses that interfere more with expression of conditioned place preference in DBA/2J mice than in C57BL/6J mice. More generally, these findings underscore the need for caution when drawing conclusions about genetic differences in place conditioning, especially when using this paradigm to evaluate the effects of gene knockouts or insertions on drug reward.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 616-626 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: HPLC ; Video fluorometry ; Emission-excitation matrix ; Spectral deconvolution ; Spectral interpretation ; Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A video fluorometer is used as a detector for HPLC to characterize highly complex samples. Data selection and evaluation techniques are discussed so as to speed the spectral identification process. Several well-known polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons are found in the samples.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 561-568 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: HPLC ; Video fluorometry ; Fluorescence detector for HPLC ; Data reduction ; Polynuclear aromatic compounds ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A rapid scanning, two-dimensional fluorometer has been used to obtain Emission-Excitation Matrices (EEMs) of the effluent of an HPLC column. These spectra, obtained “on the fly”, provide qualitative as well as quantitative information about unknown samples. An in-depth discussion of the instrumentation developed and an account of data processing alternatives are presented.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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