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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatial perception and vestibulomotor responses in man (1986)
    Springer
    Neurophysiology 18 (1986), S. 548-554 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9007
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A study was made on normal human subjects, using a stabilograph to investigate changes in posture produced in response to transcutaneous galvanic stimulation of the right labyrinth. Results were obtained for different head positions and under the illusion of head and trunk rotation produced by stimulating (vibrating) the gulteus maximus muscle. In the absence of illusion of movement, the direction of the vestibulomotor response was determined by the position of the head in relation to the feed: with the normal head position, the body swayed on a frontal plane, and on a sagittal plane when the heat turned through 90°. Vestibulomotor responses were sagittally oriented, as with real head turning, when illusory head and trunk turning through 90° was produced by vibration. When the illusion of head rotation (in relation to the feet) was not produced by this stimulus, the direction of the postural response was not produced by this stimulus, the direction of the postural response was determined by the real orientation of the head. It is concluded that the spatial perception system plays a major part in controlling spatially oriented vestibulomotor responses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01057795
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of movement and illusion of movement on human vestibulomotor response (1988)
    Springer
    Neurophysiology 20 (1988), S. 192-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9007
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Lateral stabilographic response to galvanic labyrinth stimulation was investigated in healthy subjects in the standing position. Vestibulomotor response increased during forwards volitional body tilt as well as involuntary tilt occurring in response to stimulating (by vibration) the proprioceptors of the anterior tibial muscles. An illusion of the forward body tilt induced by stimulating (vibrating) the proprioceptors of the triceps surae muscles with the trunk fastened in a fixed position was accompanied by practically the same intensification of vestibulomotor response as during actual body movement. It was concluded that reinforcement of vestibulomotor response during volitional movements is brought about by the spatial perception system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02141337
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in vestibular postural response determined by information content of visual feedback (1990)
    Springer
    Neurophysiology 22 (1990), S. 66-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9007
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Electrical unipolar monoaural stimulation of the labyrinth led to body sway mainly on a frontal plane in normal human subjects in a standing position. Early and late stages of response with latencies of 120–200 and 200–500 msec respectively changing in size in accordance with conditions of visual control were distinguished in the stabilographic response. Maximum response was recorded when the eyes were closed. Response declined upon opening the eyes, fixing the gaze on a static target, and with visual feedback according to stabilograms. The early and late components declined by 10–20 and 50–70% respectively in all cases. Fixing the gaze, in darkness, on an illuminated light spot stationary in relation to the head had no effect on level of response. Once the expected direction of body sway had been imparted, a significant and almost identical decrease of 70–80% in both components took place with the gaze fixed, however. Early and late components of vestibulomotor response are thought to be mediated by regulatory mechasisms with differing time courses and functional connections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01052057
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Visual illusions induced by electrical stimulation of the labyrinth (1991)
    Springer
    Neurophysiology 23 (1991), S. 241-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9007
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In normal subjects, electrical stimulation of the labyrinth with surface electrodes located on the mastoid process induced illusions of shifting of a fixed point of light in darkness similar to the oculogyral illusion induced by rotatory vestibular stimulation. Monoaural anodal stimulation of the right labyrinth induced apparent shift of the target to the left; with cathodal stimulation, it shifted to the right; threshold current was 0.35–0.6 mA. When the current strength increased, the amplitude and rate of apparent movement of the target increased approximately linearly. With binaural, bipolar stimulation, the illusory movement of the target was toward the site of the cathode and the threshold decreased by 1.5–2.5 times. With binaural, monopolar stimulation, the target seemed to shift along the vertical and the threshold current was 1.4–3.0 mA. Eye movement appeared at substantially higher currents than those resulting in apparent movement of the target. It is suggested that visual illusions are linked not to vestibular eye-movement reactions, but to the effect vestibular signals have on the spatial perception system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01052593
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The response of generalized motor activation in man (1974)
    Springer
    Neurophysiology 6 (1974), S. 13-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9007
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of short acoustic and photic stimuli on the magnitude of the T- and H-reflexes was investigated in man. Two periods of increase in the amplitude and dispersion of the two test reflexes, disappearing during repetition of the stimulation, were found. Its first component differs from the second in the greater change in the T-reflex and the smaller extinction. The pattern of changes after photic and acoustic stimulation was the same but acoustic evoked a stronger response. The changes discovered are a subthreshold manifestation of the generalized response of motor activation evoked by a wide range of stimuli. It is postulated that its first component is determined by interaction between pyramidal impulses and the motor cortex and the second is due to the efferent volley from the primary cortical projection zones through the reticulo-spinal tract.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01064641
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response of human motor units to spinal and supraspinal inhibition (1973)
    Springer
    Neurophysiology 5 (1973), S. 230-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9007
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract High-selectivity surface electrodes were used to record the activity of single motor units of the human flexor pollicis brevis muscle and their involvement in the "silent period" and the inhibitory phase of the startle response was compared. In both these situations the degree of inhibition was greater for motor units whose action potential had a smaller amplitude. In cases of spinal inhibition, an independent direct relationship also was discovered between the intensity of the inhibitory response and the mean duration of the prestimulus interspike interval, which was completely absent during supraspinal inhibition. Correlation between the parameters of the inhibitory response of the single motor unit to influences of both types was significantly weaker than correlation between the effects of the spinal rebound phenomenon after both responses. The results suggest that involvement of spinal motoneurons in the inhibitory response is determined by interaction between several relatively independent factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01062602
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in the direction of vestibulomotor response in the course of adaptation to protracted static head turning in man (1989)
    Springer
    Neurophysiology 21 (1989), S. 159-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9007
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Vestibulomotor response during the course of adaptation to prolonged (10 min) static head turning to the furthest limit was investigated in healthy subjects standing upright with the eyes closed. The head was either actively or passively maintained in this position. The sensation of a decline in the angle of head turning was experienced during adaptation to the position by five of the 12 subjects tested. Error in appreciating this angle ranged up to 70–80°. Matching changes occurred in the direction of vestibulomotor response to electrical stimulation of the vestibular apparatus. When true and perceived head position conflict, direction of vestibulomotor response thus matches spatial perception rather than actual orientation of the head.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01056975
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Postural responses to vibrostimulation of the neck muscle proprioceptors in man (1993)
    Springer
    Neurophysiology 25 (1993), S. 86-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9007
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Postural responses to vibrostimulation (50–100 Hz, 0.5 mm, 4–8 sec) of muscles of the back surface of the neck were studied in healthy subjects. In the sitting position, vibrostimulation evoked local displacements (backward head deflection), but global postural responses (forward inclination of the whole body) developed in the standing position. The amplitude of the evoked body inclination was dependent upon the site of the vibrostimuli application along the vertebral column. Asymmetrical application of vibrostimuli to the muscles of the right or left neck side was accompanied by development of a lateral component in the postural response. Changes in the spatial orientation of the head led to the changes in postural response direction: head turning to the right resulted in right-side body deviation during vibration, and vice versa. Illusions of head bend caused by habituation to its static turning were accompanied by precisely the same changes in the direction of body deviation. It is assumed that “neck-evoked” motor events are mediated via central mechanisms that are involved in perception of the head and body position in space.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01054155
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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