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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Celery (Apium graveolens) parenchyma cell walls: cell walls with minimal xyloglucan (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Physiologia plantarum 116 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The primary walls of celery (Apium graveolens L.) parenchyma cells were isolated and their polysaccharide components characterized by glycosyl linkage analysis, cross-polarization magic-angle spinning solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (CP/MAS 13C NMR) and X-ray diffraction. Glycosyl linkage analysis showed that the cell walls consisted of mainly cellulose (43 mol%) and pectic polysaccharides (51 mol%), comprising rhamnogalacturonan (28 mol%), arabinan (12 mol%) and galactan (11 mol%). The amounts of xyloglucan (2 mol%) and xylan (2 mol%) detected in the cell walls were strikingly low. The small amount of xyloglucan present means that it cannot coat the cellulose microfibrils. Solid-state 13C NMR signals were consistent with the constituents identified by glycosyl linkage analysis and allowed the walls to be divided into three domains, based on the rigidity of the polymers. Cellulose (rigid) and rhamnogalacturonan (semi-mobile) polymers responded to the CP/MAS 13C NMR pulse sequence and were distinguished by differences in proton spin relaxation time constants. The arabinans, the most mobile polymers, responded to single-pulse excitation (SPE), but not CP/MAS 13C NMR. From solid-state 13C NMR of the cell walls the diameter of the crystalline cellulose microfibrils was determined to be approximately 3 nm while X-ray diffraction of the cell walls gave a value for the diameter of approximately 2 nm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.2002.1160205.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and characterization of cell walls from the mesocarp of mature grape berries (Vitis vinifera) (1997)
    Springer
    Planta 203 (1997), S. 93-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Key words: Berry (Cell wall ; grape) ; Cell wall (compositional analysis) ; Fruit (cell wall) ; Polysaccharide ; Vitis (berry ; cell wall)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Cell walls have been isolated from the mesocarp of mature grape (Vitis vinifera L.) berries. Tissue homogenates were suspended in 80% (v/v) ethanol to minimise the loss of water-soluble wall components and wet-sieved on nylon mesh to remove cytoplasmic material. The cell wall fragments retained on the sieve were subsequently treated with buffered phenol at pH 7.0, to inactivate any wall-bound enzymes and to dislodge small amounts of cytoplasmic proteins that adhered to the walls. Finally, the wall preparation was washed with chloroform/methanol (1:1, v/v) to remove lipids and dried by solvent exchange. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the wall preparation was essentially free of vascular tissue and adventitious protein of cytoplasmic origin. Compositional analysis showed that the walls consisted of approximately 90% by weight of polysaccharide and less than 10% protein. The protein component of the walls was shown to be rich in arginine and hydroxyproline residues. Cellulose and polygalacturonans were the major constituents, and each accounted for 30–40% by weight of the polysaccharide component of the walls. Substantial varietal differences were observed in the relative abundance of these two polysaccharides. Xyloglucans constituted approximately 10% of the polysaccharide fraction and the remainder was made up of smaller amounts of mannans, heteroxylans, arabinans and galactans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004250050169
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterisation of extracellular polysaccharides from suspension cultures of members of the Poaceae (2000)
    Springer
    Planta 210 (2000), S. 261-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Key words: Cell-suspension culture – Compositional analysis – Differentiation – Extracellular polysaccharide – Poaceae – Root mucilage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Microscopic examination of suspension- cultured cells of Phleum pratense L., Panicum miliaceum L., Phalarisaquatica L. and Oryza sativa L. showed that they were comprised of numerous root primordia. Polysaccharides secreted by these suspension cultures contained glycosyl linkages consistent with the presence of high proportions of root mucilage-like polysaccharides. In contrast, suspension-cultured cells of Hordeum vulgare L. contained mostly undifferentiated cells more typical of plant cells in suspension culture. The polysaccharides secreted by H. vulgare cultures contained mostly linkages consistent with the presence of glucuronoarabinoxylan. The soluble polymers secreted by cell-suspension cultures of Phleum pratense contained 70% carbohydrate, 14% protein and 6% inorganic material. The extracellular polysaccharides were separated into four fractions by anion-exchange chromatography using a gradient of imidazole-HCl at pH 7.0. From glycosyl-linkage analyses, five polysaccharides were identified: an arabinosylated xyloglucan (comprising 20% of the total polysaccharide), a glucomannan (6%), a type-II arabinogalactan (an arabinogalactan-protein; 7%), an acidic xylan (3%), and a root-slime-like polysaccharide, which contained features of type-II arabinogalactans and glucuronomannans (65%).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00008133
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