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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and characterization of fish Aeromonas hydrophila adhesins important for in vitro epithelial cell invasion (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 20 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The molecular mechanisms involved in the invasion of Aeromonas hydrophila (strain PPD 134/91) into host cells were studied in vitro using a carp epithelial cell line. Bacterial fractions were extracted with potassium thiocyanate (KSCN) to investigate the adhesins involved. Two groups of adhesins were found. The major group was high molecular weight proteins with the largest component being a 43-kDa protein. Amino terminal sequence analysis indicated that this may have been an outer membrane porin. This supports previous suggestions that a 43-kDa outer membrane protein may be important in adhesion of a human isolate of A. hydrophila. The minor group of adhesins were low molecular weight proteins likely to be less effective in mediating bacterial adhesion and invasion into carp epithelial cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2761.1997.00289.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new approach to controlling ichthyophthiriasis in a closed culture system of freshwater ornamental fish (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 14 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1991.tb00616.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serum resistance as a good indicator for virulence in Aeromonas hydrophila strains isolated from diseased fish in South-East Asia (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 18 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Aeromonas hydrophila strains isolated from diseased fish in South-East Asia were studied for their virulence in naive tilapia, Oreochrommis aureus (Steindachner), and blue gourami, Trichogaster trichopterus (Pallas). Five of the most virulent strains used in this study shared a common resistance to the killing effect of naive fish serum. Other factors such as lack of autoagglutination in 0.2% acriflavine, instability after boiling, production of an S-layer, and proteases and haemolysins did not correlate well with virulence. In addition, serotyping could not group all the virulent strains. Therefore, serum resistance is considered as a good indicator for screening virulence of A. hydrophila strains isolated from diseased fish in South-East Asia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1995.tb00355.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction of the fish pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila with tilapia, Oreochromis aureus (Steindachner), phagocytes (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 18 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Interaction of Aeromonas hydrophila and tilapia, Oreochromis aureus (Steindachner), phagocytes was studied in vitro. All virulent and avirulent strains of A. hydrophila tested could multiply in non-activated and Freund's complete adjuvant activated phagocytes. Activated phagocytes increased the uptake of bacteria into cells, and the rates of intracellular replication for these bacteria were faster than in non-activated phagocytes. Among the A. hydrophila strains examined, virulent strain PPD134/91 replicated at the fastest rate inside phagocytic cells and produced cytopathic effect in the phagocytes in the shortest incubation time. Opsonized avirulent A. hydrophila were sensitive to phagocyte-mediated killing or unable to grow in phagocytes. Serum components and phagocytes may together prevent the growth of avirulent A. hydrophila in fish. The release of extracellular oxygen radicals during phagocytosis was examined using chemiluminescence assay (CL). Virulent strains induced CL responses but avirulent strains did not. This suggests that the virulent strains interacted with the phagocytes somewhat differently from the avirulent strains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1995.tb00335.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological changes in carp epithelial cells infected with Aeromonas hydrophila (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 19 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The in vitro interaction of Aeromonas hydrophila with epithehoma papillosum cells of carp (EPC) was studied. All the virulent and type strains invaded and multiplied inside EPC cells. Morphological changes were induced by the virulent and type strains during the processes of invasion and intracellular replication. Among the virulent group, strain PPD134/91 required the shortest time (30 min post-infection) to induce cytopathic effects in the EPC monolayers. The EPC cells infected with PPD 134/91 became retracted and condensed, lost their attachment abilities, and eventually disintegrated. Confocal microscopy revealed that tubular structures measuring 0.77 ± 0.19 μm appeared to connect the retracted EPC cells. The cytopathic effect was attributed to the growing and metabolically active bacteria. Avirulent strains such as L37 did not multiply nor induce cytopathic effects in the EPC monolayers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1996.tb00696.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell-mediated immune response of goldfish, Carassiusaurafus (L.), to Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 19 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Goldfish, Carassius auratus (L.), were intraperitoneally injected with two doses of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (each containing 2.3 × 106 live tomites) in saline, 30 days apart. The control fish were injected with saline only. Two weeks after the last vaccination, fish of both groups were intradermally injected with 2.5 × 105 live tomites for skin tests. The skin at the antigen-injected site of the vaccinated fish increased in thickness from 8 h onwards and reached a peak at 24 h. Histological study showed a heavy infiltration of mononuclear leucocytes at the antigen-injected site. In contrast, no such changes were encountered in control fish. The migration area of pronephros cells from the vaccinated fish was significantly inhibited, in vitro, compared to controls with the presence of antigens. These findings suggest that the tomite-vaccinated fish produced a cell-mediated immune response. However, vaccinated fish also exhibited significantly higher titres of immobilizing antibodies in their sera and mucus than the controls. Therefore, it is likely that both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses have to work closely together to eliminate the infectious tomites of I. multifiliis which succeed in penetrating the fish epithelial tissues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1996.tb00113.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhancement of protective immunity in blue gourami, Trichogaster trichopterus (Pallas), against Aeromonas hydrophila and Vibrioanguillarum by A. hydrophila major adhesin (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 23 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Blue gourami, Trichogaster trichopterus (Pallas), were intraperitoneally immunized with major adhesin, a 43 kDa OMP protein isolated from fish Aeromonas hydrophila, in the presence of Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA). Three weeks later, a booster injection of adhesin without FCA was administered. Control group fish were similarly treated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and FCA. Results showed that anti-adhesin serum obtained from fish after booster immunization exhibited very strong ability in agglutinating bacterial cells. Although this antiserum had no bactericidal effect, it could significantly inhibit serologically different strains of A. hydrophila from invading EPC (Epithelioma papillosum of carp) cells in vitro. In addition, the proliferative response of head kidney leucocytes of these immune fish was significantly increased as compared to that of the control. The results also showed that the major adhesin could provide significant protective immunity to fish against the challenge by homologous and heterologous strains of A. hydrophila and one virulent strain of Vibrio anguillarum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2761.2000.00229.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in histamine and prostaglandins in acute inflammatory air pouch in mice (1989)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 28 (1989), S. 98-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The changes in histamine and prostaglandins (PGE2 and PGF) in carrageenan-induced acute inflammation were studied in 6 day old air pouches in mice. A significant elevation of exudate histamine was found 1 hour after the carrageenan injection. Highest vascular permeability at the site of inflammation was also found at 1 hour. Both PGE2 and PGF showed steady increases in the pouch exudate and reached significantly higher levels at 24 hours. The present findings thus suggest that histamine is involved in the early phase of carrageenan-induced inflammation by enhancing vascular permeability. The increases in PGE2 and PGF appear to be closely correlated with the increased exudate cell accumulation. This leads us to suggest that they are likely to be involved in the exudate cell activity rather than in enhancing the vascular permeability which was found to decrease at 4 hours after the carrageenan injection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02022988
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in corticosterone levels under different degrees of acute inflammation in mice (1992)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 36 (1992), S. 93-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Carrageenan of different concentrations was injected into the 6-day-old air pouch in mice. It was found that 12 mg carrageenan caused a significant increase of plasma and exudate corticosterone levels at 24 h, while 1 and 3 mg carrageenan could only induce a significant increase of exudate corticosterone at 4 h. Elevation of corticosterone in both plasma and inflammatory exudate appeared to be correlated, suggesting that the exudate corticosterone was derived from the blood circulation. Injection of exogenous histamine and PGE2 into the air pouch induced a significant increase in exudate levels of corticosterone. However, plasma corticosterone increased significantly only after histamine administration, although a slight increase was observed in those injected with PGE2. These findings thus suggest that endogenous histamine and PGE2 which are released during carrageenan-induced acute inflammation, as shown in our previous work, might be responsible for the increase of corticosterone in both plasma and inflammatory exudate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01991235
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of carrageenan-induced acute inflammation on corticosterone levels in mice (1990)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 29 (1990), S. 196-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Changes in corticosterone levels in plasma and inflammatory exudase were studied in the 6-day-old air pouch of mice. The pouch inflammation in the test group was induced by the injection of carrageenan prepared in physiological saline while the control received only the physiological saline. The results show that exudate and plasma of both groups showed a rapid rise in corticosterone as measured after 30 min and this early rise was probably due to the resulting effect of the ether used during the injection of irritant or vehicle. In contrast, corticosterone levels in the inflammatory exudate of the test group increased with time, reaching a peak at 24 hours after the carrageenan injection. The increased corticosterone levels in the inflammatory exudate appeared to be closely correlated with the increased exudate cell accumulation. This suggests that the increased accumulation of exudate corticosterone in the pouch might play an important role at the inflammatory site by modulating intensity of the inflammatory reactivity caused by the irritant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01966447
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