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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of diallel cross in Phaseolus aureus roxb (1971)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 41 (1971), S. 279-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In a diallel cross of Phaseolus aureus involving five varieties, combining ability and gene action for grain yield, grains per pod and pods per plant were estimated. The study indicated that both general combining ability and specific combining ability effects were significant and important for all three traits. Partial dominance for grain yield and partial to over-dominance for grains per pod and pods per plant were observed. Dominant genes seem to govern the inheritance of all three characters. Combining ability, and graphical and component variance analyses indicated that the grain yield and two of its components are influenced by both additive and non-additive gene action.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00277798
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Combining ability and inheritance of pod and cluster number inPhaseolus mungo L. (1970)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 40 (1970), S. 117-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Für zwei Ertragskomponenten beiPhaseolus mungo, die Zahl der Fruchtstände und der Hülsen je Pflanze, wurde die allgemeine und spezifische Kombinationseignung sowie ihre Vererbung untersucht. Die Prüfung erfolgte über zwei Generationen an Diallel-Kreuzungen von 6Phaseolus-Linien. Für beide Merkmale war die allgemeine Kombinationseignung von größerer Bedeutung. Die Leistungen der Elternlinien in bezug auf die Anzahl der Fruchtstände und Hülsen erwiesen sich als gute Basis für die Einschätzung ihrer allgemeinen Kombinationseignung. Es wurden additive Genwirkungen mit partieller Dominanz bis Superdominanz fest-gestellt. Hohe Fruchtstands- und Hülsenanzahl scheint auf rezessiven Genen zu beruhen.
    Notes: Summary A set of sixPhaseolus mungo lines was studied in a diallel cross over two generations to investigate general and specific combining ability and mode of inheritance for cluster and pod number. General combining ability effects were more important for both characters.Per se performance appeared to be a good index to rank the parental lines for general combining ability. Additive gene effects with partial dominance to overdominance for these traits were noted. High cluster and pod number seem to be governed by recessive genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00997003
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exploitation of wild Cicer species for yield improvement in chickpea (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 95 (1997), S. 418-423 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Chickpea ; Cicer arietinum ; Wild Cicer species ; Interspecific cross ; Yield ; Introgression of genes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) ranks third in the world, and first in the Mediterranean basin, for production among pulses. Despite its importance as a crop and considerable research effort, traditional breeding methods have so far been unable to produce cultivars with a large impact on chickpea production. Interspecific hybridization is known to improve yield in many crops. Therefore, an attempt was made to increase the seed yield in chickpea through the introgression of genes from wild relatives at the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Syria, from 1987 to 1995. Four crosses, ILC 482 (C. arietinum)×ILWC 179 (C. echinospermum) and ILC 482×ILWC 124 (C. reticulatum) and their reciprocals, were made. Pedigree selection was used to advance the material. Heterosis was recorded visually in F1s, and single plant measurements for seed yield were recorded in F2 populations. Promising and uniform progenies were bulked in the F5 generation. Out of 96 F6 lines, 22 were selected on the basis of seed yield and other agronomic characters, and evaluated in a replicated trial for seed yield and 14 agronomical, morphological and quality characters. A high level of heterosis was observed in F1s. Several F2 plants produced two to three times more seed yield than the best plant from the cultigen. Nine F7 lines out-yielded the cultigen parent by up to 39%. Over 2 years, 12 lines had a higher yield than the cultigen parent. These lines were not only high yielding but also free of any known undesirable traits from the wild species, such as spreading growth habit, pod dehiscence, and non-uniform maturity. Quality traits, such as seed shape, type, colour, weight, and testa texture, protein content, cooking time and an organoleptic test of a Middle East dish, Homos Bi-Tehineh, were also similar to the cultigen parent. Both C. echinospermum and C. reticulatum contributed towards the increased yield.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050578
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterosis and combining ability in Phaseolus aureus roxb (1974)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 44 (1974), S. 12-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Heterosis and combining ability were estimated in F 1, F 2, F 3 and backcross generations of diallel cross in Phaseolus aureus. Hybrid vigour for yield compared with the mid-parent and better parent was noted in 21 and 20 F 1 hybrids, respectively. There was an appreciable amount of inbreeding depression in the F 2 and F 3 compared with the F 1 hybrids. Pod number seems to influence yield to a great extent. As expected, the high-yielding hybrids resulted from crosses between parents of diverse geographic origin. Combining ability analysis revealed that both g.c.a. and s.c.a. variances were important for yield, while g.c.a. variance was more important for seed size, pod number, cluster number and pods per cluster. The g.c.a. variance for yield appeared to be influenced by g. c. a. variances for yield components. In general, the crosses having high s.c.a. had one of the parents as high combiner for yield and other traits. The diallel study of different generations gave a comprehensive picture of combining ability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00277702
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improving chickpea yield by incorporating resistance to ascochyta blight (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 509-515 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Chickpea ; Cicer arietinum ; Disease resistance ; Ascochyta blight ; Breeding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Ascochyta blight [Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Lab.] is the most destructive disease of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), but it can be managed effectively by the use of resistant cultivars. Therefore, a breeding programme was initiated during 1977–78 at ICARDA, Syria, to breed blight-resistant, high-yielding chickpeas with other desirable agronomic traits. Crosses were made in main season at Tel Hadya, Syria, and the F1s were grown in the off season at Terbol, Lebanon. The F2, F4 and F5 generations were grown in a blight nursery in the main season where blight epidemic was artificially created. The plants and progenies were scored for blight resistance and other traits. The F3 and F6 generations were grown in the off season under normal day length to eliminate late-maturing plants. The pedigree method of breeding was followed initially, but was later replaced by the F4-derived family method. The yield assessment began with F7 lines, first at ICARDA sites and later internationally. A total of 1584 ascochyta blight-resistant chickpea lines were developed with a range of maturity, plant height, and seed size not previously available to growers in the blight-endemic areas in the Mediterranean region. These included 92 lines resistant to six races of the ascochyta pathogen, and 15 large-seeded and 28 early maturity lines. New cultivars produced 33% more seed yield than the original resistant sources. The yield of chickpea declined by 340 kg ha-1, with an increase in blight severity by one class on a 1–9 scale, reaching zero yield with the 8 and 9 classes. Development of blight-resistant lines made the introduction of winter sowing possible in the Mediterranean region with the prospect of doubling chickpea production. Twenty three cultivars have been released so far in 11 countries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224552
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improving chickpea yield by incorporating resistance to ascochyta blight (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 509-515 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words  Chickpea ; Cicer arietinum ; Disease resistance ; Ascochyta blight ; Breeding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract   Ascochyta blight [Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Lab.] is the most destructive disease of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), but it can be managed effectively by the use of resistant cultivars. Therefore, a breeding programme was initiated during 1977–78 at ICARDA, Syria, to breed blight-resistant, high-yielding chickpeas with other desirable agronomic traits. Crosses were made in main season at Tel Hadya, Syria, and the F1s were grown in the off season at Terbol, Lebanon. The F2, F4 and F5 generations were grown in a blight nursery in the main season where blight epidemic was artificially created. The plants and progenies were scored for blight resistance and other traits. The F3 and F6 generations were grown in the off season under normal day length to eliminate late-maturing plants. The pedigree method of breeding was followed initially, but was later replaced by the F4-derived family method. The yield assessment began with F7 lines, first at ICARDA sites and later internationally. A total of 1584 ascochyta blight-resistant chickpea lines were developed with a range of maturity, plant height, and seed size not previously available to growers in the blight-endemic areas in the Mediterranean region. These included 92 lines resistant to six races of the ascochyta pathogen, and 15 large-seeded and 28 early maturity lines. New cultivars produced 33% more seed yield than the original resistant sources. The yield of chickpea declined by 340 kg ha–1, with an increase in blight severity by one class on a 1–9 scale, reaching zero yield with the 8 and 9 classes. Development of blight-resistant lines made the introduction of winter sowing possible in the Mediterranean region with the prospect of doubling chickpea production. Twenty three cultivars have been released so far in 11 countries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050157
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gene action for cold tolerance in chickpea (1991)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 82 (1991), S. 598-601 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Gene action ; Cold tolerance ; Cicer arietinum ; Generation mean analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Six crosses were investigated using combining ability and generation mean analyses for reaction to cold tolerance in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). The combining ability variances revealed the significance of both additive and nonadditive gene effects, with preponderance of additive gene effects. The generation mean analysis revealed the presence of genie interactions in addition to additive and dominance gene effects. Among the interactions, additive×additive and dominance×dominance with duplicate epistasis were present. Cold tolerance was dominant over susceptibility to cold. Selection for cold tolerance would be more effective if dominance and epistatic effects were reduced after a few generations of selfing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226796
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of epistasis in chickpea (1989)
    Springer
    Euphytica 40 (1989), S. 169-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Cicer arietinum ; chickpea ; epistasis ; triple test cross
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Triple test cross-analysis was used to detect epistasis in chickpea. None of the characters investigated exhibited epistasis. In the absence of epistasis, additive and dominance effects were estimated. The results indicated the importance of additive genetic variance for seed yield, biological yield, number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, 100-seed weight, days to flower, and number of seeds per pod; dominance genetic variance for days to mature; and both additive and dominance genetic variances for plant height. Selection methods, such as pedigree and bulk, are suggested for the improvement of most characters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023312
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of stability for some characters in Kabuli Chickpea (1990)
    Springer
    Euphytica 49 (1990), S. 223-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Cicer arietinum ; chickpea ; genotype-environment interactions ; stability parameters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) experiments were conducted at three locations (Tel Hadya and Jindiress in Syria and Terbol in Lebanon), over two seasons (winter and spring) for three years (1983–84, 1985–86 and 1986–87) to identify stable lines. Analyses of variance were done to study the genotype-environment interactions and analysis of stability was done to determine the performance of lines in varying environments. Results showed significant differences between mean of the seasons and locations and lines for all characters in all the three years except for biological yield in 1985–86 and plant height in 1986–87. Genotype × season interactions at each location were highly significant for all characters in all years, suggesting that most genotypes responded differently to each season. Genotype×environment (linear) interactions were significant for all characters, except seed yield and biological yield in 1983–84. The significant pooled deviations for all characters, except seed yield and biological yield in 1983–84 and 1985–86 showed that prediction of performance of these lines is not possible. Some lines were high yielders but sensitive to changing environments, while other lines were resistant to changing environment but average yielders. This study, therefore, suggests that cultivars have to be bred separately for winter and spring seasons, and for favourable and unfavourable environments. Joint contribution from the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), P.O. Box 5466, Aleppo, Syria and the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru P.O., A.P. 502 324, India.(XX)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00036292
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among the annual Cicer species as revealed by isozyme polymorphism (1996)
    Springer
    Euphytica 88 (1996), S. 181-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Cicer species ; electrophoresis ; genetic diversity ; geographical distribution ; isozyme markers ; polymorphism ; phylogeny
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary There are few estimates of genetic variability within and among populations of the nine annual Cicer species and for the wild species this information is based on few accessions. The present study was undertaken to examine genetic variation within and between annual Cicer species. One hundred and thirty-nine accessions of nine annual Cicer species were used for electrophoretic analysis at ICARDA. High levels of polymorphism in all eight wild annual Cicer species was found. This is in contrast to earlier research which had shown high polymorphism only in C. reticulatum. Cicer reticulatum had the highest proportion of polymorphic loci. However, for the cultigen, among 14 loci assayed, only two were polymorphic, ADH and PGD2. The nine species formed four phylogenetic groups based on the neighbor-joining method. The first group comprised C. arietinum, C. Reticulatum and C. echinospermum, the second C. bijugum, C. judaicum and C. pinnatifidum, the third C. chorassanicum and C. yamashitae; and the fourth group consisted of one species, C. cuneatum. The phylogenetic tree developed from the neighbor-joining technique illustrated that C. reticulatum is the probable progenitor of C. arietinum and that C. echinospermum split off from a common ancestor at an earlier stage in the evolutionary history of Cicer. Genetic diversity data showed that the greatest diversity was within C. reticulatum and the lowest with the cultigen, C. arientinum. With the exception of C. reticulatum, genetic diversity increased with genetic distance from the cultigen. Little geographic variation in genetic diversity was found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023889
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