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  • 1
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  On-demand therapy with esomeprazole is effective for long-term treatment of non-erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, but it has not been evaluated in erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.Aims:  To compare endoscopic and symptomatic remission over a 6-month period when patients with healed erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease are treated with esomeprazole 20 mg, either once daily or on-demand.Methods:  Patients with verified erosive reflux oesophagitis of Los Angeles grades A–D were enrolled. Following 4–8 weeks treatment with esomeprazole 40 mg daily, those who were endoscopically healed and had symptom control during the last week were randomized to maintenance therapy for 6 months with esomeprazole 20 mg, taken either once daily or on-demand.Results:  Of 539 enrolled patients, 494 (91%) were healed at 8 weeks and 477 were randomized to maintenance therapy with esomeprazole 20 mg, 243 once daily and 234 on-demand. After once daily treatment, 81% of patients were still in remission at 6 months, compared with only 58% who took on-demand treatment (P 〈 0.0001). A difference in remission was found irrespective of baseline grade of oesophagitis, but it was more pronounced for the more severe grades. There was no difference in overall symptomatic remission between the two treatments, although heartburn was significantly more prevalent in the on-demand group.Conclusions:  Once daily esomeprazole 20 mg was better than that taken on-demand for maintaining healed erosive oesophagitis, regardless of baseline Los Angeles grade.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 22 (1943), S. 74-77 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 1. Die Verfasser beschreiben kurz ihre Methode zur Bestimmung der Chemoresistenz von Pneumokokken. Als Maß der Resistenz wird die Sulfapyridinkonzentration gewählt, bei der Pneumokokken im Laufe von 20–24 Stunden ein deutliches Wachstum zeigen. Pneumokokken mit der Resistenz 1∶5000–1∶40000 gelten als résistent, Pneumokokken mit der Resistenz 1∶80000–1∶640000 als empfindlich. 2. Da die Sulfapyridinresistenz der Pneumokokken schnell steigen kann, wird betont, daß Sulfapyridin und ähnliche Präparate von Anfang an in maximalen Dosen verabfolgt werden müssen. 3. 75 Pneumokokkenstämme rühren von Pneumonien her, bei denen die Chemotherapie mit der üblichen Dosierung durchgeführt wurde. 4. In der resistenten Gruppe (19 Fälle) sind 5/9 der Fälle tödlich ausgegangen oder haben ein Empyem bekommen, während von den 56 Fällen der empfindlichen Gruppe nur 1/9 gestorben sind oder ein Emyem bekommen haben. 5. Das Material wurde unter mehreren Gesichtspunkten analysiert, um die Möglichkeit auszuschließen, daß diese Verteilung der Todesfälle und Komplikationen unter den Fällen des Materials zufallsbedingt war. 6. Die Verfasser empfehlen bei Pneumonien, die durch resistente Pneumokokkenstämme verursacht sind, eine verstärkte Chemotherapie. Ist die Resistenzbestimmung so frühzeitig im Krankheitsverlauf gemacht worden, daß man sich Erfolg von einer Serumbehandlung versprechen kann, so ist diese Behandlung anzuwenden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: antibiotics ; gastric surgery ; drug utilization ; bacterial susceptibility ; septic complications ; nosocomial infection ; hospital treatment ; community treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The relationship between hopsital and catchment area ultilization of antimicrobial agents and the antibiotic sensitivity of bacteria isolated from primary infections has been studied after 750 gastric operations performed between 1972 and 1986 at the Huddinge University Hospital. Over 80% of the antibiotics were used in the catchment area. Penicillins (G and V) overall were the most commonly used drugs and comprised 37% of the total antibiotic consumption in 1977–1986. Narrow-spectrum antibiotics dominated throughout the period under investigation. No change in the bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents was found over time. Many strains of Klebsiella/Enterobacter and E. coli resistant to ampicillin and tetracyclines were recovered throughout the period under investigation. No aerobic Gram-negative bacteria were resistant to gentamicin. All Bacteroides strains except two were sensitive to cefoxitin. Tetracyclines and ampicillin/amoxycillin were mainly used in the catchment area, and cefoxitin and aminoglycosides were almost exclusively used in the hospital. Antimicrobial agents primarily used for out-patients in the catchment area seemed to have more influence on the susceptibility of microorganisms isolated from postoperative infections than agents primarily used in the hospital.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 20 Patienten, die sich einer kolorektalen Operation unterziehen mußten, wurde Piperacillin parenteral in Dosen von 4 g achtstündlich zwei Tage lang verabreicht. Zur Bestimmung der Piperacillin-Konzentrationen wurden eine Reihe von Serum- und Stuhlproben gewonnen. Während der Operation wurden Gewebeproben von der Darmwand entnommen. Intraoperativ wurden 15 min nach Piperacillin-Applikation maximale Serumkonzentrationen erreicht. Am Tag 0 betrug die mittlere Halbwertszeit 1,9 h und die Fläche unter der Serumkonzentrationszeitkurve im Mittel 536,8 mg/l. In den Gewebeproben lagen die Piperacillin-Konzentrationen zwischen 4,2 und 103,5 mg/kg. Die Relation der Konzentrationen im Gewebe/Serum betrug 0,45. Die Piperacillin-Konzentrationen in den Stuhlproben reichten von nicht nachweisbar bis 101,2 mg/kg. Für die Kultivierung aerober und anaerober Bakterien wurden ebenfalls Stuhlproben gewonnen. Während der Dauer der Piperacillin-Prophylaxe nahmen von den aeroben Bakterien Enterokokken, Streptokokken und Enterobakterien bei einem Viertel der Patienten ab; von den anaeroben Bakterien reduzierten sich z. B. Kokken, grampositive Stäbchen, Fusobakterien und Bacteroides bei zwei Drittel der Patienten. Nach der Applikations-phase von Piperacillin stellte sich bei den meisten Patienten wieder dasselbe Verteilungsmuster aerober und anaerober Kolonflora ein wie vorher. Bei zwei Patienten traten postoperative Infektionen durchEscherichia coli, Morganella morganii, Bacteroides fragilis, Peptokokken und Peptostreptokokken auf.
    Notes: Summary Piperacillin was given parenterally in doses of 4 g every 8 h for two days to 20 patients undergoing colorectal surgery. A series of serum and fecal specimens were taken to analyse piperacillin concentrations. Tissue samples from the gut wall were taken during surgery. The maximum serum concentrations during surgery were reached 15 min after piperacillin administration. On Day 0 the mean half-life was 1.9 h and the mean area under the serum concentration curve was 536.8 mg/l. The piperacillin concentrations in the tissue samples ranged from 4.2 to 103.5 mg/kg. The tissue/serum ratio was 0.45. The piperacillin concentrations in the fecal samples ranged from not detectable to 101.2 mg/kg. Fecal samples were also collected during the investigation period for the cultivation of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Of the aerobic bacteria, enterococci, streptococci and enterobacteria decreased in one fourth of the patients during the prophylaxis period. Anaerobic bacteria, e. g. cocci, gram-positive rods, fusobacteria and bacteroides, decreased in two thirds of the patients during the same period. After the piperacillin administration period, the aerobic and anaerobic colon microflora returned to the pre-treatment pattern in most patients. Postoperative infections due toEscherichia coli, Morganella morganii, Bacteroides fragilis, peptococci and peptostreptococci occurred in two patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ecological effects on the commensal microflora in saliva and stool samples were studied during administration of two commonly used antibiotics: cefadroxil 500 mg b.i.d. for 10 days and phenoxymethylpenicillin 1 g b.i.d. for 10 days. Twenty healthy volunteers participated in the study. In the oropharyngeal microflora the aerobic microflora was significantly suppressed during administration of cefadroxil while no significant changes were noticed in the anaerobic microflora. Administration of phenoxymethylpenicillin caused a strong decrease in the number of viridans streptococci and an overgrowth ofNeisseria cocci. The total numbers of anaerobic oropharyngeal microorganisms were suppressed during phenoxymethylpenicillin administration. In the intestinal microflora the variation in numbers of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms was minor in both groups. The microflora became normalised 2 weeks after withdrawal of the drugs. It was concluded that peroral administration of cefadroxil to healthy volunteers resulted in minor ecological disturbances in the oropharyngeal and intestinal microflora, which were in the same range as for phenoxymethylpenicillin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 4 (1985), S. 49-51 
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The microbial colonization of the oropharynx, the esophagus and the stomach were studied in 60 patients. Patients with gastritis, carcinoma and a history of gastric resection harboured more microorganisms in their stomachs than patients with gastric or duodenal ulcers. Patients with gastric carcinoma were colonized with the highest numbers of different microorganisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Ampicillin and sulbactam were administered intravenously in 2 g and 1 g doses respectively every 8 h for two days to ten patients undergoing colorectal surgery. Drug concentrations were determined in serum, intestinal mucosa and faeces. The first dose was given at induction of anesthesia. The serum half-life was 2.1 h for ampicillin and 2.0 h for sulbactam on the first day. The concentrations in intestinal mucosa were in most cases 50 % or more of the serum concentrations and there was no statistical difference between the two drugs. Faecal concentrations of both drugs were found in eight patients: a mean of 10.5μ/g for ampicillin and a mean of 7.5μ/g for sulbactam. Faecal samples were also collected during the investigation period for culture of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Among the aerobic bacteria enterococci, streptococci and enterobacteria decreased markedly during the prophylaxis period. Anaerobic bacteria were also suppressed significantly during the same period. The changes in colonic microflora were related to the concentrations of ampicillin and sulbactam in the intestinal mucosa and faeces. Overgrowth of yeasts was observed in six patients and overgrowth ofPseudomonas fluorescens in two others. These strains were resistant to the combination ampicillin and sulbactam. The microflora normalized in all patients after two weeks. No postoperative infections occurred.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 7 (1988), S. 135-143 
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of ofloxacin on the microflora in saliva, gastric juice, and feces was evaluated in 24 patients undergoing gastric surgery. A single peroral dose of 400 mg ofloxacin was given to each patient 2–4 h before surgery. The concentrations of ofloxacin in serum, saliva, gastric juice, and gastric mucosa tissue were assayed. OnlyBranhamella cocci were affected in the saliva. In the gastric juice, both the aerobic and anaerobic flora were suppressed on the day of surgery, but increased in number afterwards. There was a significant correlation between gastric pH and the number of microorganisms isolated in the gastric juice on day 0. In faeces, the aerobic and part of the anaerobic flora were suppressed by the administration of ofloxacin. Ofloxacin was well tolerated by the patients. Four of 24 patients developed postoperative complications. Microorganisms isolated from wound sepsis and intraabdominal sepsis (three patients) wereStaphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, hemolytic streptococci group A,Streptococcus sp. andEscherichia coli. All related infections occurred in patients with very low ofloxacin serum concentrations, probably due to impaired absorption. Oral antibiotic prophylaxis is not recommended in patients in whom impaired gastric emptying can be expected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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