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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stoichiometry Control and Phase Selection in Hydrothermally Derived BaxSr1–xTiO3 Powders (1999)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 82 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: BaxSr1-xTiO3 (BST) powders were processed at temperatures 〈100°C by reacting nanosized TiO2 powders in alkaline, aqueous solutions of BaCl2, SrCl2, and NaOH. The effects of processing variables (NaOH concentration, time, temperature, and the ratios of barium, strontium, and titanium initially in solution) on the resultant BST powder stoichiometry and solid solubility were examined. In all cases, strontium was more readily incorporated into the BST powders than barium, and the extent varied systematically with the processing variables. BST powders that were processed in solutions with a large initial excess of barium and strontium, relative to titanium, consisted of a single-phase solid solution. In contrast, BST powders that were processed in solutions with a small initial excess of barium and strontium, relative to titanium, contained a biphasic solid solution which corresponded to separate barium-rich and strontium-rich phases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1999.tb01984.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrothermal Synthesis of Bismuth Titanate Powders (2003)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 86 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Bismuth titanate was synthesized under hydrothermal conditions from an amorphous bismuth–titanium precursor gel. The gel was formed by mixing a bismuth acetate complex with titanium butoxide and then adding the solution dropwise into 6M NaOH. The resulting gel suspension was reacted under hydrothermal conditions at temperatures ranging from 160° to 200°C to form crystalline bismuth titanate. The gel crystallization kinetics increased with temperature, which resulted in 100% crystalline bismuth titanate in 5 h at 200°C. Wavelength-dispersive spectroscopy data indicated that sodium was incorporated into bismuth titanate during processing, and X-ray diffractometry suggested that the powder was composed of the Bi5Ti4O15 phase. Transmission electron microscopy micrographs showed that the gel particles decomposed to 100–200 nm crystalline bismuth titanate particles during hydrothermal processing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2003.tb03564.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Precursor Pyrolysis on the Dielectric Properties of Hydrothermally Derived Barium Titanate Thin Films (2000)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 83 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: BaTiO3 thin films were processed hydrothermally on Ag-coated quartz substrates at 90°C by reacting films of titanium dimethoxy dineodecanoate (TDD) in aqueous solutions of Ba(OH)2. Two reaction sequences were used: either the TDD was reacted directly in aqueous Ba(OH)2, or the TDD was first pyrolyzed in air at temperatures ranging from 200° to 500°C before hydrothermal reaction. Depending on the processing conditions, the dielectric constant of the thin films ranged from 5 to 170, the dielectric constant increasing with increasing pyrolysis temperature. Thin film porosimetry data suggest that the improvement in film dielectric performance is related to decreases in thin film residual porosity after hydrothermal reaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2000.tb01216.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrothermal Processing of PbTiO3 and PbTiO3/Polymer Thin Films from Titanium Metallo-organic Precursors (1999)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 82 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: PbTiO3 and PbTiO3/polymer thin films were synthesized from metallo-organic precursors on metallized quartz substrates. Titanium dimethoxy dineodecanoate (TDD) was spin-cast onto the substrates and converted to polycrystalline TiO2 via hydrolysis in deionized water for 5 h at 80°C. Polycrystalline PbTiO3 films were then formed by reacting the TiO2 films for 4 h at 200°C in aqueous solutions of KOH and Pb(CH3COO)2·3H2O. Low KOH concentrations suppressed film coarsening, thereby facilitating the formation of fine-grain continuous PbTiO3 films. PbTiO3/polymer thin films were processed as above after first dissolving TDD and a polystyrene/polybutadiene block copolymer in p-xylene. PbTiO3 and PbTiO3/polymer films had relative permittivities of ≈56 and 34 and dielectric strengths of ≈250 and 850 kV/cm, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1999.tb01753.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Processing Parameters on the Morphology of Hydrothermally Derived PbTiO3 Powders (1999)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 82 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The influence of processing parameters on the growth and morphology of hydrothermally derived lead titanate (PbTiO3) powders was investigated. PbTiO3 powder was synthesized by suspending nanocrystalline powders of TiO2 in aqueous solutions of KOH and Pb(CH3COO)2·3H2O at temperatures ranging from 120° to 200°C. PbTiO3 growth initiated in the 〈100〉 exposing the (001) surfaces and resulting in a faceted platelet morphology. Particle growth proceeded by further nucleation and growth on existing (001) surfaces. Through repeated dissolution and precipitation, the platelet clusters coarsened into larger cuboidal particles. PbTiO3 particle size was controlled by either inhibiting or promoting dissolution-precipitation. Dissolution-precipitation was inhibited by lowering the KOH concentration or the reaction temperature, or maintaining an excess of lead ions in solution, while it was promoted by increasing the KOH concentration and temperature. Coarsening of PbTiO3 particles coincided with decreases in the X-ray diffraction (XRD) peak breadth, the asymmetry of lcomponent XRD reflections, and the c-axis length.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1999.tb01989.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Densification of Ceramic Bodies Containing Controlled Porosity (1992)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 25-26 (Jan. 1992), p. 89-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/25/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.25-26.89.pdf
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Texture and Symmetry Relationships in Piezoelectric Materials (2005)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 495-497 (Sept. 2005), p. 13-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The anisotropy that is inherent to piezoelectricity is directly tied to the symmetry ofdomains within the crystals of polycrystalline piezoelectrics. Alloy design for these oxide materials is often focused on influencing pinning of domain walls in polycrystals that have been subjected to high fields and elevated temperatures to introduce the ‘poled’ condition from which most piezoelectric devices operate. We have investigated a wide range of these oxides consisting of single phases or mixtures of phases that may be all or partially piezoelectric in character. Crystal symmetries investigated include tetragonal, orthorhombic, rhombohedral and monoclinic with some phase transitions evolving during high-temperature processing or during poling. Materials investigated include a range of bismuth titanates, lead titanates, lead zirconate titanates and sodium niobates. A variety of texture evaluation techniques, including area detector x-ray diffraction, synchrotron x-ray sources, and neutron sources have been utilized along with Rietveld diffraction modeling tools to enable a deeper understanding of domain textures, domain texture evolution andsynergistic relations between crystallographic textures and domain textures. This paper documents an understanding of texture and anisotropy in these materials, and provides insight on approaches to optimize textures for high performance in these materials and demonstrates how these tools can be used to evaluate processing variations from production of these materials
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/11/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.495-497.13.pdf
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Product and Component Grain and Domain Textures in Ferroelectric Ceramics (2005)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 495-497 (Sept. 2005), p. 1401-1406 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Ferroelectric/ferroelastic structures exhibit systematic crystallographic distortions below certain phase transition temperatures. Domains, or regions of spatial continuity in such distortions, form in a self-compensating pattern when cooled in the absence of an applied field, forming equal volume fractions of all possible states by uniform selection of crystallographic variants. An applied field (poling) can alter the volume fraction of domains within the ferroelectric phase by switching of the non-preferred orientations, a form of ferroelectric domain texture. When ceramics possess a crystallographic texture prior to inducing domain texture, the two component textures combine multiplicatively to form the complete product texture. Using tape cast bismuth titanate (Na0.5Bi4.5Ti4O15) with an initial crystallographic texture, this paper establishes the quantitative approach for resolving both the component grain and domain textures and describing the complete product texture
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/11/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.495-497.1401.pdf
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