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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    INNOVATIONS IN EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN IN ATTITUDE SURVEYS (1996)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Sociology 22 (1996), S. 377-399 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-0572
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Sociology
    Notes: Abstract In the last decade a revolution has occurred in the design of public opinion surveys. The principal breakthrough has been to combine the distinctive external validity advantages of the representative public opinion survey with the decisive internal validity strengths of the fully randomized, multifaceted experiment. The availability of computer-driven multifactorial, multivalent designs has encouraged a reorientation from narrowly methodological concerns to broader substantive issues. After a season in which the principal emphasis in survey-based experimentation was on standardization of measurement and methodological refinements, the emphasis now is on substantive discoveries and on innovation-new technology, new procedures, and new objectives. In this chapter, we survey the integration of experimental design and large-scale, representative, general population samples. After highlighting the limitations of the classic split-ballot experiment, we distinguish between nondirective and directive experimental variations, and, among the directive, between postdecisional and predecisional. We introduce a tripartite analytical scheme, sorting experimental variations as a function of whether they manipulate (i) the formulation of a choice, (ii) the context of choice, or (iii) the characteristics of the chooser. Finally we give an account of the experimental style now characteristic of general population attitude surveys, underlining its low emotional intensity and low cognitive demands, attributing both to features of (i) the interview site, (ii) the sample, (iii) the mode of interviewing, and (iv) considerations of ethics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.22.1.377
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reasoning Chains: Causal Models of Policy Reasoning in Mass Publics (1986)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    British journal of political science 16 (1986), S. 405-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 0007-1234
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Political Science
    Notes: Citizens do not choose sides on issues like busing or abortion whimsically. They have reasons for their preferences – certainly they can give reasons for them. But how is this possible? Citizens as a rule pay little attention to politics, indeed take only a modest interest in it even during election campaigns when their interest in politics is at its height. And since they pay little attention to politics, it is hardly surprising that they know little about it. Many, in fact, are quite ignorant of basic facts of political life – such as the identity of the party that controls Congress or indeed the name of the congressman who represents them. Which, of course, raises a question of some interest: how do citizens figure out what they think about political issues, given how little they commonly know about them?
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007123400004506
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Personal and Political Sources of Political Alienation (1975)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    British journal of political science 5 (1975), S. 1-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 0007-1234
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Political Science
    Notes: This paper began by reviewing several major conceptual and methodological difficulties surrounding the measurement of political alienation/allegiance and proceeded to describe the level and the sources of alienation (as measured by our preliminary indicator, the PAI) within the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Area. We defined political alienation as a relatively enduring sense of estrangement from or rejection of the prevailing political system and emphasized the importance of distinguishing this attitude from disapproval of incumbent officeholders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007123400008024
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Politics of Faith (1978)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    British journal of political science 8 (1978), S. 21-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 0007-1234
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Political Science
    Notes: Alienation, if sufficiently pervasive and profound, poses obvious dangers to a democratic political order. But obvious dangers are not the only dangers. Indeed, allegiance may pose at least as serious a threat to democratic politics as alienation, as I shall attempt to show in this paper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007123400001204
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    From Life Space to Polling Place: The Relevance of Personal Concerns for Voting Behavior (1977)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    British journal of political science 7 (1977), S. 337-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 0007-1234
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Political Science
    Notes: To live is to have problems. However the country as a whole fares, the individual has bills to pay, work to do, children to worry about – to mention only a few of the commonplace problems that people face in their daily lives. Commonplace or not, these are problems that people must wrestle with. They are immediate, inescapable, and serious, far more so for most than the ‘large’ issues facing the country. Students of voting have long suspected that such problems may influence political choices, but key questions remain unanswered. Which personal problems are taken to be political and which non-political? Do personal problems have an impact on voting behavior only if they are taken to be political? When and how do personal problems become translated into political choices? In this paper we shall address such questions as these.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007123400001022
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Fallacy of Democratic Elitism: Elite Competition and Commitment to Civil Liberties (1991)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    British journal of political science 21 (1991), S. 349-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 0007-1234
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Political Science
    Notes: Since the seminal studies of Stouffer and McClosky it has become accepted that political elites are markedly more committed to civil liberties and democratic values than is the public at large; so much so that political elites should be recognized, in McClosky's words, as ‘the major repositories of the public conscience and as carriers of the Creed’. The argument of this article is that previous analyses have erred by focusing on the contrast between elites taken as a whole and the mass public. The crucial contrast is not between elites and citizens, but rather between groups of elites that are competing one with another for political power.Drawing on large-scale surveys of two modern democracies, Canada and the United States, this article demonstrates that differences among elites in support for civil liberties eclipse, both in size and political significance, differences between elites and citizens. The fallacy of democratic elitism, as this study shows, is its indifference to which elites prevail in the electoral competition for power.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007123400006190
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Principled Tolerance and the American Mass Public (1989)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    British journal of political science 19 (1989), S. 25-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 0007-1234
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Political Science
    Notes: Americans appear to be more tolerant of deviant opinions and life-styles now than they were a generation ago. Recent research by Sullivan and his colleagues suggests, however, that this apparent change is largely illusory – a product not of an increase in principled support for tolerance, but rather of shifts in public dislike for, and hence intolerance of, particular political groups. An alternative account of tolerance is proposed which shows that citizen attitudes on issues of tolerance are remarkably consistent – far more so than has been commonly appreciated. In particular, the empirical analysis distinguishes two kinds of consistency – ‘principled’ and ‘situational’. Using log-linear techniques, it demonstrates that substantial numbers of the general public now support a variety of forms of tolerance consistently; and do so, not for reasons peculiar to each, but rather on principle.The broader implications of the results for the study of public opinion and democratic theory are noted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007123400005305
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  • 8
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    Stone, "Racial Conflict in Contemporary Society" (Book Review) (1987)
    Austin, Tex. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Social science quarterly. 68:2 (1987:June) 421 
    Details
    ISSN: 0038-4941
    Topics: Sociology
    Notes: Book Reviews
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:1217-1987-068-02-000019
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Editors' note (1992)
    Springer
    Political behavior 14 (1992), S. 193-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6687
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Political Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00991977
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluative bias and issue proximity (1982)
    Springer
    Political behavior 4 (1982), S. 115-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6687
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Political Science
    Notes: Abstract This study identifies two forms of evaluative bias toward political objects — positivity and negativity — in addition to the familiar one of partisanship. Bias is measured, predominantly, using open-ended responses to questions on political parties in the NES studies. The incidence of varieties of evaluative orientation toward the parties over time, beginning in 1952, is reported; so also are demographic and cognitive correlates of evaluative bias. Finally, hypotheses on differential assimilation and contrast effects in candidate perception are tested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987184
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