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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EFFECT OF DIVALENT CATIONS ON THE AMPHETAMINE-INDUCED STIMULATION OF [3H]CATECHOL SYNTHESIS IN THE STRIATUM (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 32 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract— The effects of divalent cations on the stimulation of [3H]catechol formation in striatal slices induced by d-amphetamine was studied in order to determine the role of calcium in this action of amphetamine. In the absence of any divalent cations in the medium, amphetamine did not significantly stimulate [3H]catechol synthesis in striatal slices, but it produced a marked stimulation of synthesis when calcium (1.25 mm) was added to the medium. In the presence of calcium (1.25 mm), high concentrations of magnesium (15mm), other divalent cations (2.5 mm) such as barium, strontium, manganese and cobalt, as well as verapamil, inhibited the amphetamine-induced stimulation. When the slices were incubated in medium containing no divalent cations, the addition to the medium of either strontium, cobalt, zinc, or magnesium (2.5 mm) could not support the amphetamine-induced stimulation of [3H]catechol synthesis, while the addition of barium resulted in a significant stimulation of synthesis. In contrast, the stimulation produced by amphetamine in the presence of manganese was comparable to that observed when calcium had been added to the medium. Since amphetamine did not alter the specific activity of [3H]tyrosine in the tissue in the presence of any of the divalent cations tested, the amphetamine-induced stimulation of [3H]catechol synthesis was probably due to an increase in tyrosine hydroxylase activity. Calcium and manganese were also able to support the stimulation of [3H]catechol synthesis in striatal slices induced by high potassium concentration. However, compared to the effects with amphetamine, manganese was much less effective than calcium in supporting the stimulation induced by high potassium concentration. These results show that specific divalent cations can support the stimulation of catechol synthesis induced by amphetamine in striatal slices, and suggest that the entry of these specific ions into cells, presumably dopamine neurons, is involved in this action.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1979.tb04580.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bicuculline reversal of deprivation amblyopia in the cat (1976)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 260 (1976), S. 256-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Several lines of evidence suggest that inhibition in the cat visual system may be mediated by ?-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Of particular importance are the reports that bicuculline, a GABA-receptor blocker4, is able to alter receptive field (RF) properties of normal visual neurones5?8. We, ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/260256a0
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of 3 H-muscimol for GABA receptor studies (1978)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 273 (1978), S. 392-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Characterisation of 3H-muscimol binding to membrane preparations from rat brain was carried out with 3H-muscimol of high specific activity (9.8Cimmor1, New England Nuclear. [6-3H] Muscimol was used in these experiments, but side-chain labelled 3H-muscimol has also been prepared with a somewhat ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/273392a0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Homozygotes for Huntington's disease (1987)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 326 (1987), S. 194-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The HD gene was localized, in part, by study of the largest known HD family in the world, living along the shores of Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela10'13. The pedigree currently numbers almost 7,000 individuals: over 100 living symptomatic individuals and almost 900 family members born at 50% risk for ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/326194a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhanced selective 5-HT depletions in the DHT rat model: Denervation supersensitivity and recovery of function (1986)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 89 (1986), S. 449-455 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: DHT model ; Serotonin syndrome ; 5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine ; Locomotor activity ; Serotonin depletion ; Myoclonus ; Recovery of function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of enhancing 5-HT depletion with multiple intracisternal injections of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (DHT) on spontaneous orl-5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP)-induced behaviors (videotaped) and locomotor activity (photocell recording) were studied in the adult rat. After four DHT injections, 5-HT content in septum/accumbens, hippocampus, striatum, neocortex, cerebellum, and cervical spinal cord fell to 0–10% of controls. Multiple injections also significantly improved depletions in brainstem and diencephalon, which were not as extensive. Spontaneous locomotor activity (LMA) was increased in DHT-lesioned rats for 1 week. The associated behavioral abnormalities, hindlimb hyperextension and incomplete rearing were also transient and differed from the motor syndrome evoked by 5-HTP. Multiple DHT injections did not qualitatively modify the 5-HTP syndrome but shifted the dose response curve to the left compared to single injections. Syndrome behaviors shared a similar dose threshold and could be evoked with 30 mg/kg 5-HTP. Two weeks after DHT, the locomotor response to 5-HTP (65 mg/kg) was method dependent or biphasic: decreased in brief recordings when syndrome abnormalities were greatest and increased in hour-long recordings. LMA correlated with rearing in controls and inversely with total behavioral abnormality in DHT-lesioned rats injected with 5-HTP. Multiple regression of LMA with regional 5-HT content was significant for hippocampus, striatum, and septum/accumbens. These data suggest that the development of denervation supersensitivity, the proposed mechanism of the 5-HTP-evoked motor syndrome, may be responsible for the rapid recovery of function in LMA. Unchanged dopamine and norepinephrine levels after DHT (with desipramine pretreatment) also suggest that multiple DHT injections can be used to enhance 5-HT depletions without losing selectivity, which may facilitate 5-HT receptor studies in the DHT model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02412120
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Folate interactions with cerebral G proteins (1990)
    Springer
    Neurochemical research 15 (1990), S. 681-686 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6903
    Keywords: Folates ; neurotoxicity ; GTP binding proteins ; GTPase ; cerebellum ; membranes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Intracerebral folate injections produce convulsions and brain lesions, folic acid itself and tetrahydrofolate being more potent toxins than 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, the primary folate of mammalian extracellular fluids. Folates are known to excite neurons, by unknown mechanisms. Folates stimulate GTP binding and GTPase activity in slime molds. We observed folate stimulation of GTPγS binding and inhibition of high affinity GTPase activity in rat brain membranes. Three fold stimulation of GTPγS binding was observed in cerebellar membranes treated with 50 uM FA. Folic acid (FA), dihydrofolate (DHF) and tetrahydrofolate (THF) were much more potent than 5-methyltetrahydrofolate in this regard. The effect varies between brain regions and was greatest in cerebellar and hippocampal membranes. Folates inhibit GTPase activity, with DHF and FA being the most potent and maximum inhibition being to 33% of control values. We find high affinity guanine nucleotide sensitive binding of [3H]FA in cerebellar membranes, another response typical of G protein coupled membrane receptors. Folates were also shown to stimulate the release of [3H]GDP from brain membranes. These effects are seen in washed brain membranes and can not be explained by any known folate metabolic or coenzyme functions. They resemble the effects of cholera toxin, except for their reversibility. They may be relevant to known folate neuroexcitant effects of folates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00973648
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The measurement of gamma-glutamyl hydrolase (conjugase) activity in rat brain (1988)
    Springer
    Neurochemical research 13 (1988), S. 147-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6903
    Keywords: Conjugase ; folates ; folylpolyglutamates ; gamma-glutamyl
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An assay using the artificial substrate, 2,4-diamino-10-methyl-pteroylglutamyl-gamma-glutamate (MTX-G1), was developed to measure gamma-glutamyl hydrolase (conjugase), which hydrolyzes folylpolyglutamates. This assay allows us to: 1) measure conjugase for the first time in rat brain and 2) measure conjugase in a reliable, sensitive and inexpensive manner. The MTX-binding assay results were compared to samples analyzed by HPLC and found to vary by only 13%. The artificial substrate, MTX-G1, had a lower rate of hydrolysis than pteroylglutamyl-gamma-glutamate (Pte-G2), 70.7±0.64 and 92.6±0.22 nmoles/hr/mg protein respectively. Conjugase was semi-purified 24 fold in H2O and found to have a pH optimum of 5.0.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00973326
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