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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An investigation of self-efficacy, partner support and daily stresses as predictors of relapse to smoking in self-quitters (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Addiction 90 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1360-0443
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Six hundred and thirty smokers who intended to quit smoking themselves completed pre-cessation measures of self-efficacy, partner support, daily stresses and demographics. Subjects were contacted at 2, 7, 14, 30, 90 and 180 days post-cessation to determine smoking status and to re-administer the measures at 7, 14 and 30 days post-cessation. A series of logistic regressions examined which prospective factors best predicted relapse between 0–2 days, 3–7 days, 8–14 days, 15–30 days, 31–90 days and 91–180 days. Relapse was predicted by different variables at different times; however, self-efficacy was a consistent predictor of relapse over time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.1995.9067673.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sexual HIV Risk Behavior Levels Among Young and Older Gay Men Outside of AIDS Epicenters: Findings of a 16-City Sample (1999)
    Springer
    Aids and behavior 3 (1999), S. 111-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3254
    Keywords: AIDS/HIV ; risk ; young gay men ; age
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Although AIDS rates have leveled among older gay men in large original epicenters, HIV seroincidence remains high among young men who have sex with men (MSM) in many areas of the country. This research examined patterns of risk behavior among young (age 25 years or less) and older (age 26 years and over) MSM. Nearly 2,000 men entering gay bars in 16 small U.S. cities completed an anonymous survey of their sexual practices in the past 2 months and of psychosocial risk-related characteristics. Young men were more likely than older men to have engaged in unprotected anal intercourse and, specifically, receptive intercourse in the past 2 months. Younger men also reported more frequent occurrences of unprotected anal intercourse. A progressive decline in risk behavior levels was associated with increasing age. Young men less often personally knew someone who had died of AIDS, and deaths were not primarily within their close social networks. Continued HIV prevention efforts directed toward young MSM are needed, including cities traditionally considered as second tier with respect to AIDS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1025431822394
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of EMG feedback training during problem solving (1979)
    Springer
    Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback 4 (1979), S. 81-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3270
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The present case study investigated the effects of competing task demands on biofeedback training to reduce frontalis muscle tension. Baseline levels of frontalis muscle tension were recorded for relaxation and problem solving. The subject was trained to decrease muscle tension with biofeedback for the problem-solving task alone. The results indicated that EMG training during problem solving was successfully accomplished. Frontalis muscle tension during relaxation baseline did not change as a result of reductions in muscle tension during problem-solving feedback training. This suggests that the decrease of muscle tension cannot be attributed to reductions in overall muscle tension levels. Instead, training was specific to the problem-solving feedback phases. Additionally, it was found that accuracy in problem-solving did not decline as a result of simultaneous feedback training. Thus EMG biofeedback training can be accomplished and exercised without disruption of ongoing mental activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00998951
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessment of Self-Reward Strategies for Maintenance of Breast Self-Examination (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of behavioral medicine 21 (1998), S. 83-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3521
    Keywords: BREAST SELF-EXAMINATION ; CANCER SCREENING ; MAINTENANCE ; SELF-REWARD
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract This study examined the relative impact of different self-reward strategies on maintenance of breast self-examination (BSE) practice among 1649 women trained to do BSE. Training groups were randomized into four conditions: (a) self-reward instructions and materials delivered at the end of the BSE training session; (b) self-reward suggestions delivered through the mail each month, contingent upon the BSE performance; (c) external monetary rewards and self-reward suggestions delivered through the mail each month on an intermittent schedule, contingent upon BSE practice; and (d) a no-reward control condition. Follow-up assessments 12 months following training revealed a pattern of evidence in support of the benefits of external monetary rewards and self-reward prompts on BSE frequency and quality; however, it is likely that the value of that condition lies in the external reward component.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018767505776
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determinants of breast self-examination among women of lower income and lower education (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of behavioral medicine 13 (1990), S. 359-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3521
    Keywords: breast self-examinations ; breast cancer ; early detection ; education ; income
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract This study investigated breast self-examination (BSE) frequency and quality and determinants of BSE practice in two samples of women: (a) women of childbearing age who were of lower income and lower education and (b) women of childbearing age who were of higher income and higher education. Mothers recruited from a pediatric practice completed a questionnaire addressing BSE frequency and quality and factors derived from the Health Belief Model that might influence performance. Results indicated that there were no differences in mean BSE frequency or quality between the two samples. Regression analyses revealed that the perceived barriers index, consisting of forgetting, exclusive reliance on medical personnel for breast exams, and low confidence in ability to perform BSE, was the single best predictor of BSE frequency, accounting for 67% of the variance in each sample of women. When quality of BSE was examined, knowledge of BSE was the best predictor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00844884
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relative effectiveness of methods of breast self-examination (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of behavioral medicine 14 (1991), S. 357-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3521
    Keywords: breast self-examination ; cancer ; early detection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract This study investigated the effectiveness of different methods of breast self-examination (BSE) on coverage of breast area and lump detection, using a factorial design, pairing three search patterns (concentric circle, radial spoke, vertical strip) with two finger palpation techniques (small circular movements, sliding movements). Ninety-seven female undergraduates were randomly assigned to one of six BSE training conditions which were identical except in the BSE search pattern and finger palpation technique explained by the instructor. Following the 20-min, small-group training, subjects' coverage of breast area was assessed by scoring their BSE performance on a breast board. Lump detection was determined by the number of lumps correctly identified in silicone breast models. Results indicated that the vertical strip pattern was associated with significantly greater coverage of the breast area. There were no significant differences in lump detection; however, the sliding finger palpation technique resulted in significantly more false identifications of lumps.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00845112
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stages of change in smoking during pregnancy in low-income women (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of behavioral medicine 19 (1996), S. 350-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3521
    Keywords: smoking cessation ; stages of change ; pregnancy ; women
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract This study examined the effects of a smoking cessation intervention on stages of change in 349 low-income, pregnant women. At first prenatal visit, women were randomized into experimental or usual care condition and classified by stage of change: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, or action. For each stage of change at the first prenatal visit, the stage distributions of the experimental and usual care groups were compared at the second and 36-week prenatal visits. Kruskal-Wallis tests revealed significant differences at the second visit in the stage distributions by condition for subjects who were initially in precontemplation or in preparation. In each case, a greater proportion of experimental than usual care subjects advanced through the stages. The shift was not maintained at the 36-week visit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01904762
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prevention of the spread of AIDS: An interview with Jeffrey A. Kelly (1988)
    Springer
    The journal of primary prevention 8 (1988), S. 125-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6547
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Jeff Kelly is the Chief of the Division of Psychology in the Department of Psychiatry Human Behavior at the University of Mississippi Medical Center. Trained as a clinical psychologist, he has performed research and written extensively on the topics of sex roles, social skills training, and prevention of child abuse. Since 1985, Jeff has devoted much of his clinical and research efforts to understanding and helping AIDS victims and to preventing the spread of AIDS. He is the Principal Investigator of a grant from the National Institute of Mental Health to study behavioral training to reduce AIDS at-risk activities, and is a co-author of the forthcoming book entitled,Psychosocial Interventions for AIDS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01695146
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stress management delivered over public television: Steps toward promoting community mental health (1984)
    Springer
    The journal of primary prevention 4 (1984), S. 139-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6547
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study evaluated the efficacy of television as a teaching and skills-developing medium in the area of health promotion. Experimental subjects viewed a five-part stress management series aired on public television. Control subjects were not told about the series. All subjects completed a stress questionnaire battery before and after the televised series and again at a six-week follow-up. The results indicated that experimental subjects learned about stress and stress management from the program. Those experimental subjects who watched four or five segments of the series tended to score higher on stress knowledge than did subjects who viewed fewer than three segments. No significant differences were found between experimental and control subjects on other self-report measures. Theoretical and methodological issues are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01324501
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Role of Cultural Variables in Breast Self-Examination and Cervical Cancer Screening Behavior in Young Asian Women Living in the United States (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of behavioral medicine 22 (1999), S. 419-436 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3521
    Keywords: CANCER SCREENING ; ASIAN-AMERICAN WOMEN ; CULTURAL BARRIERS ; ACCULTURATION
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract This study examined cultural factors as predictors of breast self-examination (BSE) and participation in cervical cancer screening in young Asian and Caucasian women in the United States. Comparisons between Asian and Caucasian samples revealed significant differences in ever performing BSE and obtaining a pap test; the Caucasian women reported higher participation in both behaviors. Factor analysis of cultural barriers to screening revealed four factors: communication with mother, openness around sexuality, prevention orientation, and utilization of Western medicine. Logistic regression predicting BSE performance from demographics, acculturation, and cultural barriers revealed openness around sexuality to be a significant predictor. Pap test participation was predicted by year in college, ever having engaged in sexual intercourse, prevention orientation, and global acculturation. Cultural factors should be considered in programs to enhance participation in cancer screening.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018653306776
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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