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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diet and predation by three leaf-associated stoneflies (Plecoptera) in an Arkansas mountain stream (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Freshwater biology 16 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SUMMARY. 1. Life cycles, food habits, mouthpart morphologies, prey preferences, and predator-prey size relationships were investigated for the three most common stoneflies in leaf packs in the Little Missouri River, Arkansas: Clioperla clio (Newman), Isoperla namata Prison, and Perlesta spp. Each species was univoltine and had a fast seasonal cycle, with extended egg or nymphal diapause, rapid nymphal growth and emergence in spring to early summer.2. Foregut analysis showed predictable dietary shifts by C. clio and Perlesta spp., from detritus and diatoms in early instars to invertebrate prey in later instars. Isoperla namata fed facultatively on insects, detritus and diatoms, with no conspicuous ontogenetic shifts. The mouthparts of all three species strongly reflected their diet.3. Electivity analysis indicated opportunistic feeding by the three species, with feeding rarely differing significantly from random.4. Sizes of stonefly predators and their ingested prey were highly correlated (P〈0.01). However, rather than shifting toward larger prey sizes, growing predators expanded their size thresholds and continued to include numerous small prey items in their diet. Prey choice was governed most directly by prey availability, because stoneflies selected the most abundant groups, irrespective of size or taxon.5. The likelihood of competition among the three stoneflies for prey was minimized by timing of their life cycles, differential food use and probably the temporary nature of leaf pack habitats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1986.tb00995.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Male search behavior of the stonefly,Pteronarcella badia (hagen) (Plecoptera: Pteronarcyidae), in relation to drumming (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 6 (1993), S. 467-481 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: Plecoptera ; Pteronarcyidae ; drumming ; search behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The mating system of many northern hemisphere stoneflies involves vibrational duetting, yet searching behavior in relation to the percussive communication has remained unreported. The communication-search system of a Colorado population of the ubiquitous western stonefly Pteronarcella badiain an experimental arena entails (1) a ranging search by calling virgin or polygynous males until duet establishment with virgin females, (2) continued intermittent duetting while the male engages in a local search and the female remains stationary, and (3) a tactile-based find of the female, followed by immediate mounting and mating. The average 234-s find time for pairs engaging in strong, continuous duets was significantly shorter than those for nonduetting or anomalously duetting pairs. Males of strongly duetting pairs made significantly more turns toward the female during search than in anomalously duetting pairs, and their local search pattern appears to be a triangulation aided by resource-specific (female) vibrational cues. Males displayed a wide range of fitness, based on searching time, and an increased number of duets significantly reduced finding time. Potential female selection and possible extrapolation of these experimental results to natural field conditions are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01049526
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of hexavalent chromium on the critical thermal maximum and body burden ofClioperla clio (Plecoptera:Perlodidae) (1989)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 18 (1989), S. 594-600 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Clioperla clio (Plecoptera:Perlodidae) nymphs exposed to eight levels of hexavalent chromium experienced 0.03% (control) to 76.0% lethality after 96 hr at 9.0°C and had an LC50 of 101.3 mg/L (95% C.I.=88.9 – 118.1 mg/L). Nymphs exposed to sublethal levels of Cr+6 in EPA hardwater at 9.0°C had statistically significant reduction in upper temperature tolerance measured as critical thermal maximum (CTMCONTROL 〉 $$CTM_{LC_{10} }$$ 〉 $$CTM_{LC_{30} } = CTM_{LC_{50} }$$ , range 31.46–29.49°C). The “ecological death” endpoint criterion resulted in low variability for controls (C.V.=2.4%). Exposed nymphs digested with nitric acid had mean body burdens ranging from 1.37 (μg total Cr/g dry weight) for those exposed to 5.25 mg/L, to 26.71 for the 143.25 mg/L exposure group. As Cr+6 exposure increased, body burden of nymphs increased linearly, and CTM significantly decreased. Since the 96-hr LC50 greatly exceeds Cr+6 measured in the field and the critical thermal maxima are at least 10°C greater than the adult emergence temperature, it is unlikely that environmentally realistic combinations of Cr+6 and temperatures will have adverse impacts on mature nymphs ofClioperla clio in nature if adverse conditions are of short duration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01055027
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The vertical distribution of macrobenthos within the substratum of the Brazos river, Texas (1976)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 50 (1976), S. 151-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Benthos ; Substrate ; Hyporheic ; Sampler
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Vertical stratification samplers were developed for sampling the grave-sand substrate of a Brazos River, Texas riffle. Fifteen of 25 species recovered, occurred below 10 cm. Mean percentages of total organisms recovered were 66.4%, 20%, 6.1% and 7.5% per 10 cm level, respectively, from the surface down. Dominant insects were Neochoroterpes mexicanas naiads and chironomid, Simulium, Cheumatopsyche and Stenelmis larvae. Seasonal population peaks of these five groups in the top 10 cm correspond with observed emergence peaks. The smaller size classes were generally predominant in the 0–10 cm level. Larvae of Stenelmis were the most evenly distributed among the various 10 cm levels in all size classes. A movement of Cheumatopsyche and Neochoroterpes to lower levels was observed following a large flood, suggesting an escape response to increased silt load and scouring. Dissolved oxygen ranged from saturation at the surface down to 0.4–0.7 ppm at 30–40 cm, indicating that it was possibly limiting at lower levels. Maximum temperature difference between to cm levels was only 3 C. Flow was negligible below to cm. The vertical stratification sampler recovered significantly greater populations in the surface 20 cm, but not in the total 40 cm, than a modified Hess sq. ft. sampler.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00019818
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