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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 421 (1992), S. 133-141 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Respiratory epithelium ; Nasal mucosa ; Metaplasia ; Stem cell ; Cytokeratin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To determine the characteristics of metaplastic changes of the nasal respiratory epithelium, the distribution of individual cytokeratins (CKs) was studied immunohistochemically and by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The authors define four types of changes of the normal pseudostratified columnar epithelium: (1) transitional pseudostratified epithelium (first unusual CK.: no. 13); (2) stratified columnar epithelium (increased expression of CKs 4 and 13; CKs 7, 8, 18 and 19 reduced); (3) stratified squamous epithelium, non-keratinized (appearance of CK 16); and (4) stratified squamous epithelium, keratinized (expression of CKs 1 and 10, variable CK5 and 14 patterns in basal cells). These phenotypes were found simultaneously within single specimens, resulting in apparent overall variability in the immunohistochemical staining patterns. Spatially, changes in CK expression towards “normal” parts were not abrupt but rather gradual. Biochemical data confirmed the immunohistochemical findings and added CK 6 to the pattern of altered nasal mucosa. The findings of this study suggest a stem cell metaplasia in the nasal epithelium which is based on its inherent bimodal developmental programme. A gradual loss of normal respiratory epithelial differentiation, as seen by the loss of CKs 7, 8, and 18, was paralleled by the appearance of squamous epithelial type CKs, e.g. the expression of CKs 1, 10 and 13. Basal cell types CKs 5, 14, 17 and 19 were maintained during this process. Implications of these results for general concepts of CK expression in the metaplastic process are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 61 (1983), S. 157-162 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Tumourimmunology ; Stromalreaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In an investigation of correlation and factor analysis the relations between cell-mediated stromalreactions and immunological parameters are checked in 63 patients with malignant tumours. The stromalreaction is determined semi-quantitatively as a cell-mediated infiltration of the tumour by neutrophiles, lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages. In regard to immunological parameters circulating immuncomplexes, K-cell-activity, auto-antibodies, B- and T-cells and immunglobulins are determined among others. It is shown that the stromalreaction is to be regarded as a part of an immunological answer of the organism against the tumour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 345 (1968), S. 132-138 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Unter 16312 Sektionen der Jahre 1958–1966 wurden 3236 bösartige Geschwlüste gefunden. 124 (3,9%) waren durch eine Tumorendokarditis kompliziert. Sie wurde bei Pankreascarcinomen 3mal so häufig, bei Carcinomen der Gallenwege, des Corpus uteri und der Leber etwa doppelt so häufig wie im Durchschnitt für das gesamte Material gefunden. Die Tumorendokarditis war bei Carcinomen vom histologischen Typ des Drüsenepithels häufiger als bei anaplastischen Carcinomen und bei metastasierenden Geschwulstleiden häufiger als bei nichtmetastasierenden. Die Alters- und Geschlechtsverteilung zeigte keine Abweichungen vom Vergleichsmaterial. Im Gegensatz zur floriden Endokarditis anderer Genese fanden sich bei Tumorendokarditis häufiger frische und weniger rezidivierende Formen, war die Mitralklappe häufiger und die Aortenklappe seltener befallen. In der knappen Hälfte der Fälle von Tumorendokarditis war es zu Embolien in den großen Kreislauf gekommen, die in einem Viertel bis zu einem Fünftel der Fälle den Tod herbeigeführt hatten.
    Notes: Summary During the years 1958–1966 we found among 16,312 autopsies 3,236 malignant tumours, 124 (3.9%) cases of which were complicated by cancer-endocarditis. We found this relationship in cases of carcinoma of pancreas three times as frequently, in cases of carcinoma of bile ducts, uterine corpus and liver twice as frequently, as in the average of the complete material. Cancer-endocarditis was more frequent in adenocarcinomata than in anaplastic carcinomata, and in metastasizing tumours more frequent than in nonmetastasizing. Statistics on age and sex showed no differences. Contrary to florid endocarditis of different etiologies, we found in cancer-endocarditis acute forms more frequently than relapsing ones. The mitral valve was affected more frequently than the aortic valve. In nearly 50% of cases of cancer-endocarditis embolism had occurred. This embolism caused death in about 20% of the cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 407 (1985), S. 233-235 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 369 (1975), S. 143-153 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ausgehend von der Beobachtung, daß sich die Tumorendocarditis besonders gehäuft bei drüsig differenzierten Carcinomen und kaum bei undifferenzierten bösartigen Geschwulstleiden findet, suchten wir im Sektionsgut nach unterschiedlichen Zeichen der Immunantwort bei verschiedenen histologischen Geschwulsttypen. Die erstgenannte Gruppe wies gegenüber der letzteren deutlich stärkere Zeichen cellulärer und humoraler Abwehr auf. Die Tumorendocarditis kann in diesem Zusammenhang als Ausdruck einer Immunkomplexkrankheit aufgefaßt werden.
    Notes: Summary Based on the observation that adenomatous carcinomas are frequently associated with tumor endocarditis, whereas undifferentiated tumors are not, autopsy material of tumor cases was examined for differences in the immune response with regard to the histological typing of the tumors. In the former group signs of stimulated cellular and humoral immune mechanisms were markedly stronger developed than in the latter group. From these findings it is suggested that tumor endocarditis represents an immune complex disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 89 (1988), S. 369-377 
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We studied the expression of the various cytokeralin (CK) polypeptides and vimentin in tissues of the human eye by applying immunocytochemical procedures using a panel of monoclonal antibodies as well as by performing biochemical analyses of microdissected tissues. Adult corneal epithelium was found to contain significant amounts of the cornea-specific CKs nos. 3 and 12 as well as CK no. 5, and several additional minor CK components. Among these last CKs, no. 19 was found to exhibit an irregular mosaiclike staining pattern in the peripheral zone of the corneal epithelium, while having a predominantly basal distribution in the limbal epithelium. Both the fetal corneal epithelium and the conjunctival epithelium were uniformly positive for CK no. 19. In the ciliary epithelium, co-expression of CKs nos. 8 and 18 and vimentin was detected, whereas in the retinal pigment epithelium, CKs nos. 8 and 18 were dominant. The present data illustrate the remarkable diversity and complexity of CK-polypeptide expression in the human eye, whose significance with respect to histogenetic and functional aspects is, as yet, only partially clear. The unusual distribution of CK no. 19 in different zones of the corneal epithelium may be related to the specific topography of corneal stem cells. The occurrence of the expression of simple-epithelium CKs in the ciliary and pigment epithelium demonstrates that, despite their neuroectodermal derivation, these are true epithelia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 96 (1991), S. 271-277 
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The expression patterns of individual cytokeratin polypeptides in foetal and adult human pancreatic tissues were examined using monoclonal antibodies. We demonstrated that human pancreatic epithelia in early stages of development (14 weeks of gestation) contain cytokeratins 7, 8, 18 and 19, which are typical of simple epithelia, as well as cytokeratin 4 and 17, which are characteristic of stratified epithelia. In the pancreatic ducts, most of these cytokeratins appeared to be expressed together. Cytokeratins 1, 5, 10, 13, 16 and 20 were not detectable. In contrast, the pancreatic parenchyma was only positive for cytokeratins 8 and 18, except a transient expression of cytokeratins 7 and 19 in pancreatic islets and acinar cells during the foetal development. A focal cytokeratin 7 staining of single acinar cells was seen in newborn and in adult islets. In the stromal tissue, vascular smooth muscle cells were partly reactive with cytokeratin 8 and 18 specific antibodies. The results are discussed in the light of differentiation-dependent changes in the expression of individual cytokeratin polypeptides in developing epithelia.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 93 (1989), S. 93-103 
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the present study we have localized immunohistochemically the intermediate filament proteins of the human pituitary gland (adenohypophysis, pars intermedia and pars tuberalis) by an indirect immunoperoxidase technique or by double immunofluorescence methods and analysed the individual cytokeratin polypeptides using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. We found that the expression of cytokeratins in different epithelial cells of the human anterior pituitary gland was heterogeneous. Whereas the endocrine cells only expressed cytokeratins 8 and 18, the folliculo-stellate cells exhibited a reactivity for cytokeratins 7, 8, 18 and 19 as well as for GFAP and vimentin. The squamous epithelial cells of the pars tuberalis and the Ratke's cysts showed a more complex cytokeratin pattern of both squamous and simple type. Whereas in many cystic epithelial cells including the “pseudo-follicles” a triple expression of cytokeratin, vimentin and GFAP could be observed, only some basal cells of squamous epithelial nests coexpressed cytokeratin and vimentin. The differences in the intermediate filament protein distribution are discussed in the light of embryological relationships of the different parts of the human pituitary gland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Invertiertes Harnblasenpapillom ; Wachstumstypen ; Ultrastruktur ; Maligne Transformation ; Klinischer Verlauf ; Key words Inverted urinary bladder papilloma ; Growth types ; Ultrastructure ; Malignant transformation ; Clinical course
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The histopathology, ultrastructure, pathological status and clinical course are described in a total of 29 cases of inverted papilloma of the urinary bladder (IP). The IP was isolated in 16 cases and occurred in combination with a papillary urothelial carcinoma in 13 cases. Histologically, a trabecular, a glandular and a mixed type can be differentiated. The trabecular from predominates in a ratio of 4 : 1. The glandular form is further subdivided into a cystic form and an adenomatous form containing cylindrical cells. Contrary to earlier assumptions, dysplasia and malignant transformation also occur in IP. Amongst the 16 isolated IP observed, four showed slight and four showed moderate dysplasia. One isolated IP was malignant and invasive. In IP in combination with papillary urothelial carcinomas, malignant transformation is somewhat more frequent. Four malignant IP and up to 85 % dysplasias were found among the 13 cases. The ultrastructure of IP reveals two cell types: a light cell form which corresponds to a slightly dysplastic urothelium and a darker cell form with or without microvilli which is observed in the glandular type. A frequent characteristic is a thickening of the basement membrane besides abundant “tight junctions”. The immunohistochemistry is relatively uncharacteristic. This also applies to the blood group isoantigens, which showed irregular and relative uninformative results in the SCRA test. IP is observed in all age groups and the sex ratio (M/F) is 3 : 1. The average age of manifestation is 56 years, about 10 years earlier than bladder carcinoma. Just under two-thirds of IPs are in the region of the trigonum, the ureteral ostia at the neck of the bladder and the prostatic part of the urethra, and IPs rarely exceed 3 cm in size. Malignant transformation and recurrence are only rarely observed. With regard to the formal pathogenetics, there are correlations with Brunn cell clusters and with the basal urothelial cell, which can be characterized as the urothelially determinative cell.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Auf der Basis von insgesamt 29 Fällen mit einem invertierten Harnblasenpapillom (IP), von denen bei 16 das IP isoliert vorkam und in weiteren 13 eine Kombination mit einem papillären Urothelkarzinom vorlag, wird zur Histopathologie, Ultrastruktur, Dignität und zum klinischen Verlauf Stellung genommen. Histologisch zeigen sich Wachstumstypen, die sich in einem trabekulären, glandulären und einem Mischtyp äußern. In einem Verhältnis von 4 : 1 überwiegt die trabekuläre Form. Entgegen früheren Annahmen kommen beim IP auch Dysplasien sowie eine maligne Transformation vor. Die Ultrastruktur des IP läßt 2 Zellarten erkennen: eine helle Zellform, die einem gering dysplastischen Urothel entspricht und eine dunklere Zellform mit oder ohne Mikrovilli, die beim drüsigen Typ zur Beobachtung kommt. Häufiges Merkmal ist eine Basalmembranverdickung neben reichlich „tight junction“. Die Immunhistochemie zeigt eine Differenzierung in Richtung Basalzelle, ist jedoch wenig charakteristisch, so auch die Blutgruppenisoantigene, die sich irregulär verhalten. Das IP wird in allen Altersgruppen beobachtet und überwiegt mit 3 : 1 beim männlichen Geschlecht. Durchschnittliches Manifestationsalter liegt im 56. Lebensjahr, etwa 10 Jahre früher als beim Harnblasenkarzinom. Knapp zwei Drittel sind im Bereich Trigonum, der Ureterostien des Blasenhalses und der Pars prostatica urethrae lokalisiert und überschreiten nur sehr selten die Größe von 3,0 cm. Ebenso wie die maligne Transformation werden auch Rezidive nur selten beobachtet. Formalpathogenetisch bestehen Beziehungen zu den Brunn-Zellnestern und zur basalständigen Urothelzelle, die als urotheliale Determinativzelle charakterisiert werden kann.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Pathologe 21 (2000), S. 296-302 
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Beckenkammbiopsie ; Durchflusszytometrie ; Staging ; Non-Hodgkin-Lymphome ; NK-Zell-Leukämie ; Keywords Bone marrow biopsy ; Flow cytometry ; Staging ; Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma ; Natural killer cell acute leukemia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Bone marrow biopsy plays an important role in the clinical diagnosis of malignant lymphoma. Further diagnostic methods need to be established to increase accuracy in the light of advances over recent years in the immunophenotypical characterization of discrete lymphatic bone marrow lesions and the continuing difficulty in classifying them. This study compared the diagnostic value of flow cytometry to that of conventional bone marrow biopsy in 156 patients with 191 marrow biopsy specimens or bone marrow aspirates. The most important findings were that up to one-third of lymphomas could not be diagnosed by flow cytometry, and that the degree of infiltration was estimated as less than two-thirds. However, flow cytometric results were more satisfactory in acute lymphoblastic leukemia, lymphoblastic lymphoma, hairy cell leukemia, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. In summary, flow cytometry has a complementary role in the staging of lymphoma but cannot fully replace conventional trephine biopsy.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bestandteil der klinischen Diagnostik beim Staging maligner Lymphome. Die Fortschritte der letzten Jahre bei der immunophänotypischen Charakterisierung dieser Krankheitsentitäten und die immer wieder zu beobachtenden Schwierigkeiten bei der Einordnung diskreter lymphoider Knochenmarksläsionen machen die Etablierung weiterer diagnostischer Methoden wünschenswert. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist die Evaluierung der diagnostischen Wertigkeit der Durchflusszytometrie im Vergleich zur herkömmlichen Beckenkammbiopsie. Für die Untersuchung standen 156 Patienten mit insgesamt 191 Knochenmarksbiopsien bzw. Knochenmarksaspiraten zur Verfügung. In der Auswertung der erfassten Daten ergibt sich, dass bis zu 1/3 der Lymphominfiltrate durchflusszytometrisch nicht diagnostizierbar sind und der Infiltrationsgrad bis zu 2/3 niedriger eingeschätzt wird. Gute Ergebnisse sind mit der Durchflusszytometrie bei akuten Leukämien, lymphoblastischen Lymphomen, Haarzellleukämien sowie der chronischen lymphatischen Leukämie zu erzielen. Insgesamt kommt der Durchflusszytometrie beim Lymphomstaging eine ergänzende Bedeutung zu, kann aber die herkömmliche Beckenkammbiopsie nicht vollständig ersetzen.
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