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  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-0743
    Keywords: doppler echocardiography ; internal thoracic artery-graft ; patency ; percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty ; stress-test
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) of a native coronary artery via internal thoracic artery (ITA) graft after bypass surgery is a relatively rare procedure. Our current study evaluates the flow velocity patterns of the graft before and after PTCA. After intervention the mean diastolic flow velocity increased under rest and stress conditions. In addition, the graft patency was proved not before control angiography after 6 months. It could be verified that the measurement of flow velocity patterns under rest and stress conditions is a useful non-invasive procedure for monitoring long-term patency and PTCA-results of this vessel.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1615-6722
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Diabetes mellitus ; Koronare Mikroangiopathie ; Koronare Makroangiopathie ; Myokardveränderungen ; Autonome diabetische Neuropathie ; Key words Diabetes mellitus ; Coronary microangiopathy ; Coronary macroangiopathy ; Myocardial fibrosis ; Autonomic diabetic neuropathy.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Diabetes mellitus as a disease of epidemiological impact leads to diabetic cardiopathy by modulation of myocardial, vascular and metabolic components. This includes the development of a coronary microangiopathy and a decrease of diastolic and systolic function of the left ventricle as well as the development of an autonomic diabetic neuropathy. Patients with diabetes show an increased mortality concerning cardiovascular events. They more often suffer from myocardial infarction as non-diabetics mostly with a more serious course. Moreover, the post-infarction course is affected with a worse prognosis as in non-diabetics. For diagnosis of cardial involvement in diabetes electrocardiographic and echocardiographic procedures are of use. Special tests of the autonomic function complete the diagnostic ensemble. An early therapy with ACE-inhibitors and beta blocking agents as well as a strong diabetes therapy, in particular with insulin, can influence the mortality favorably. Moreover, the diagnosis and therapy of additional cardiovascular risk factors (arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia) are very important, because these are correlated with a for diabetic patients markedly increased risk of mortality. P〉The clinical relevance of the term diabetic cardiopathy is justified by the 6 factors: macroangiopathy, microangiopathy, disturbances of the myocardial metabolism, myocardial fibrosis, autonomic diabetic neuropathy and disturbances of the coagulability. Diagnostic and therapeutic goals are discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Hintergrund: Der Diabetes mellitus als epidemiologisch bedeutsame Erkrankung führt durch Beeinflussung myokardialer, vaskulärer und metabolischer Komponenten zur diabetischen Kardiopathie. Darunter fallen die Entwicklung einer koronaren Mikroangiopathie und Makroangiopathie wie auch eine Einschränkung der diastolischen und systolischen Funktion des linken Ventrikels und die Entwicklung einer autonomen diabetischen Neuropathie. Patienten mit einem Diabetes mellitus weisen eine deutlich erhöhte Mortalität in Bezug auf kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse auf. Sie erleiden häufiger Herzinfarkte als Nichtdiabetiker mit einem meist schwerwiegenderen Verlauf. Zudem ist der postinfarzielle Verlauf mit einer schlechteren Prognose behaftet als bei Nichtdiabetikern. Zur Diagnostik der kardialen Beteiligung bei Diabetes mellitus kommen elektro- und echokardiographische Verfahren zum Einsatz. Diesen ist die invasive Diagnostik an die Seite gestellt. Spezielle autonome Funktionstest komplettieren das diagnostische Ensemble. Eine frühzeitige Therapie mit ACE-Hemmern und Betablockern sowie eine strenge Diabetestherapie, insbesondere mit Insulin, kann die Mortalität günstig beeinflussen. Zudem ist die Erkennung und Therapie weiterer kardiovaskulärer Risikofaktoren (Hypertonie, Dyslipidämie) von entscheidender Bedeutung, da diese mit einer für den Diabetiker deutlich erhöhten Mortalität verknüpft sind. Die klinische Relevanz des Begriffs diabetische Kardiopathie wird gerechtfertigt durch die sechs sie beeinflussenden Faktoren: Makroangiopathie, Mikroangiopathie, Störung des myokardialen Stoffwechsels, myokardiale Fibrosierungen, autonome diabetische Neuropathie und Störungen der Koagulabilität. Diagnostische und therapeutische Zielgrößen werden diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1615-2573
    Keywords: Key words Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ; Energy metabolism ; Spontaneously hypertensive rat ; Left ventricular hypertrophy ; Isolated working heart
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Although the ultimate cause for the myocardial dysfunction of hypertensive heart disease is still unclear, a crucial role of the myocardial energy metabolism has been suggested. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether age-related myocardial dysfunction in hearts of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) is associated with an impaired myocardial energy metabolism. Isolated hearts of SHR and Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) aged about 40, 60, and 80 weeks, respectively (each n = 4–5), were perfused according to the working heart technique. Cardiac work and coronary flow were monitored online. Myocardial energy metabolism was evaluated by calculating the ratio of phosphocreatine (PCr) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) which were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance (31P-NMR) spectroscopy. All hearts were subjected to work for 30 min at baseline conditions (low afterload), followed by another 30 min under a moderate pressure load (high afterload). Each SHR group showed a higher heart weight/body weight ratio than the age-matched WKY controls. The SHR showed a progressive age-dependent reduction of cardiac work (40 weeks = 5.1 ± 0.3, 60 weeks = 4.0 ± 0.3, 80 weeks = 3.8 ± 0.2 (mW/g) at baseline conditions) and PCr/ATP-ratio (40 weeks = 1.82 ± 0.06, 60 weeks = 1.69 ± 0.05, 80 weeks = 1.59 ± 0.09 (PCr/ATP) at baseline conditions). Similar results were found for hearts of SHR at high afterload. In WKY no significant decline in cardiac work or PCr/ATP-ratio was found under either low or under high afterload. The cardiac work capacity of hearts of SHR progressively decreases with increasing age and left ventricular hypertrophy. This myocardial dysfunction is closely associated with an impaired PCr/ATP-ratio, suggesting a decreased energy reserve.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1615-5939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Antiischemic effectiveness of long-term urokinase therapy and isovolemic hemodilution therapy has been reported in patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease, but both interventions have never been compared. In patients with refractory angina pectoris and end-stage coronary artery disease (clinical functional class III), isovolemic hemodilution (n=9) (hydroxyethyl starch solution 6%, 1–2 times/week), and urokinase therapy (n=11) (500,000 U urokinase per i.v. injection, 3 times a week) were performed over a period of 12 weeks, each additionally to maximal conventional treatment. Apart from the assessment of clinical symptoms and rheologic parameters, invasive hemodynamic measurements were carried out at rest and during exercise testing before and after treatment. After treatment with urokinase, patients showed a significant reduction of clinical symptoms (from 19.8±6.5 to 5.0±4.3 anginal events/week,p〈0.001), fibrinogen (from 410±88 to 238±40 mg/dl,p〈0.001), plasma viscosity (from 1.45±0.10 to 1.33±0.03 mPa×s−1,p〈0.01), and no changes of hematocrit (from 0.45±0.02 to 0.45±0.02) and whole blood viscosity (from 4.7±0.5 to 4.4±0.7 mPa × s−1); however, hemodilution resulted in a decrease of hematocrit (from 0.46±0.01 to 0.39±0.01,p〈0.001) and whole blood viscosity (from 4.7±0.5 to 4.0±0.3 mPa×s−1,p〈0.001) and no changes of initially comparable levels of clinical symptoms, fibrinogen, and plasma viscosity. Hemodynamic parameters at rest improved after urokinase therapy with a reduction of pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (from 9.1±5.1 to 5.5±2.8 mmHg,p〈0.05) at comparable levels of systemic vascular resistance (from 1510±340 to 1420±510 dyn×s×cm−5). Hemodilution did not result in any significant hemodynamic changes. Apart from clinical symptoms, long-term intermittent urokinase therapy reduces pulmonary capillary wedge pressure at rest. This may reflect an improved diastolic function due to a rheological enhancement of myocardial perfusion at the level of the coronary microcirculation. Isovolemic hemodilution seems to be of no benefit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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