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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EFFECTS OF 2-AMINO-2-HYDROXYMETHYL-1, 3-PROPANEDIOL ON RENAL FUNCTION IN REFERENCE TO SALICYLATE AND GLUCOSE (1961)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 92 (1961), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1961.tb45008.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book Review (1994)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 8 (1994), S. 623-623 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00858149
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abnormal urinary acidification in infants with hydronephrosis (1999)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 13 (1999), S. 315-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Key words Hydronephrosis ; Metabolic acidosis ; Urinary acidification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Distal renal tubular abnormalities have been observed in patients with dilated urinary tract disorders. The present study was undertaken to look for patterns in urinary acidification in infants with varying degrees of hydronephrosis due to either reflux or obstruction and occurring as unilateral or bilateral disease. Three groups of infants (mean age 3.7±3.8 months) were studied prospectively. Groups IA and IB included patients with hydronephrosis who were acidotic and non-acidotic, respectively. Group II served as controls and consisted of patients with diarrhea and secondary metabolic acidosis with no known renal disease. Serum electrolytes, creatinine, and urine pH were measured in all patients. Urinary titratable acidity, ammonium (NH4), and net acid excretion (NAE) were measured by the titrimetric method. Infants with hydronephrosis demonstrated lower urinary buffering capacity, reflected in low NAE in the face of acidosis. Deficiencies were noted in both titratable acid and NH4 excretion compared with control infants. Acidosis was as common in unilateral as in bilateral disease, regardless of severity score. These data confirm a defect in distal urinary acidification in infants with hydronephrosis, whether unilateral or bilateral. Immaturity and endogenous acid load may play a significant role in the manifestation of metabolic acidosis with unilateral disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004670050616
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ACE inhibition scintigraphy in the management of hypertension in children (1999)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 13 (1999), S. 493-500 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Key words Renovascular hypertension ; Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition scintirenography ; Aortic thrombus ; Umbilical artery catheterization ; Branch renal artery stenosis ; Renal angioplasty ; Captopril renal scan
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition scintirenography was performed to help establish the diagnosis and plan treatment of renovascular hypertension (RVH) in 57 hypertensive pediatric patients, 33 infants and 24 children older than 1 year. In 16 of 33 hypertensive infants, ACE inhibition scintirenography established the diagnosis of RVH from renal ischemia (due to aortic or renal arterial thrombi). Two scintigraphic criteria were used for the diagnosis of RVH: criterion I, ischemic and damaged kidney (a non-functioning kidney on or off ACE inhibition) and criterion II, ischemic but not damaged kidney (ACE inhibition induced deterioration of function of the kidney). When criterion I was present and the contralateral kidney was normal, ACE inhibitors could be used for treatment of hypertension without deterioration of renal function; kidneys satisfying criterion I eventually involuted or manifested growth arrest and frequently caused persistent RVH, even after resolution of the thrombus, requiring nephrectomy. When criterion II was present bilaterally, or it was associated with criterion I contralaterally, the use of antihypertensive drugs other than ACE inhibitors was necessary in order to prevent renal insufficiency or failure from ACE inhibitors. However, kidneys with criterion II showed normal growth and, following retraction or dissolution of the aortic thrombus, hypertension resolved. In 2 of 24 hypertensive children older than 1 year, the test was diagnostic of branch renal artery stenosis; RVH was cured by selective angioplasty. ACE inhibition scintirenography is useful in the evaluation and planning of treatment in children with hypertension and may predict the outcome of therapy and ultimate renal function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004670050645
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Validity of random urines to quantitate proteinuria in children with human immunodeficiency virus nephropathy (1996)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 10 (1996), S. 598-601 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Key words: Proteinuria ; Urine protein: creatinine ratio ; Human immunodeficiency virus nephropathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Accurate assessment of proteinuria in pediatric patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is limited by constraints imposed by timed urine collections and low creatinine excretion in very ill patients with low muscle mass. We therefore sought to validate the use of random urine specimens to quantitate total protein and creatinine excretion in a population of 236 HIV-positive children. A mathematical derivation for estimating urine volume (V) was constructed. The accuracy of the final calculation [V=832 (kL/Ucr)BSA] (where k=constant, L body length, UCr urine creatinine and BSA body surface area) was tested by regression analysis comparing the calculated and measured volume of 31 urines from ambulatory HIV-negative patients. The correlation coefficient was highly significant (r=0.77, P≤0.0001). The relationship was also applied to 23 timed urine specimens from HIV-positive patients with similar significance (r=0.87, P〈0.0001). A regression analysis of measured proteinuria against the urine protein: creatinine ratio (Upr/UCr) in these same urines from the HIV-positive patients yielded a significant relationship both in the linear (r=0.95, y=0.4x) and the logarithmic regression (r=0.97, y=x+0.4). These data support the use of random Upr/UCr ratios to estimate daily proteinuria in HIV-infected pediatric patients despite low creatinine excretion rates. The previously accepted values continue to apply, with Upr/UCr≤2.0 considered normal and 〉2.0 representative of nephrotic proteinuria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004670050169
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Survival and complications of cuffed catheters in children on chronic hemodialysis (1999)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 13 (1999), S. 245-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Key words Hemodialysis ; Catheter survival ; Outcome predictors ; Complications ; Vascular access ; Thrombosis ; Bacteremia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Central venous catheters are being increasingly used as hemodialysis vascular access. We evaluated catheter survival, outcome predictors, and complications in a total of 36 catheters used in 13 children and young adults undergoing chronic maintenance hemodialysis through catheter for a duration of 10.4±5.6 months. Reasons for catheter failure were: thrombosis 12 of 36 (33%), infection 6 of 36 (17%), and extrusion 2 of 36 (5.4%). Catheters were lost to infection and thrombosis at 1.1 and 2.2 episodes per 1,000 catheter days, respectively. Symptomatic infections, Gram-negative and polymicrobial sepsis increased the risk of catheter failure. Most of the thrombotic episodes occurred in patients with inherent thrombotic tendency. The survival of the 36 catheters was 62% at 1 year. The survival of 13 randomly chosen catheters, 1 from each patient, was 85% at 1 year. The time from insertion to first complication correlated significantly with the outcome (P〈0.03). We conclude that central venous catheters are still associated with a high rate of failure and may be a regular access choice only in a selected patient population with no inherent thrombotic tendency and no other option available for long-term hemodialysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004670050602
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth of uremic infants on forced feeding regimens (1993)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 7 (1993), S. 173-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Growth ; Uremic infants ; Nutrition ; Feeding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Infants born with congenital renal insufficiency generally grow poorly during the first years of life and incur a height deficit that is rarely regained. Actual energy and protein requirements have not been determined for these children. In 12 infants with creatinine clearances less than 70 ml/min per 1.73 m2, growth and nutrient intakes were monitored during the first 2 years of life. Forced feeding regimens after 3 months of age, including gastrostomy in 3 patients, were necessary to maintain energy intakes near 100% of the recommended dietary allowance (RDA). Protein intakes averaged in excess of 140% RDA. Linear growth did not correlate with either energy or protein intakes, suggesting that neither was a limiting factor to growth. Length velocity standard deviation score (LV-SDS) did not correlate with degree of renal insufficiency at any age, but average LV-SDS did relate significantly and inversely to C-terminal parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. Growth parameters, including LV-SDS and weight velocity SDS (WV-SDS) were lowest at 6 months of age. Weight and length SDS followed with a maximum decline at 12 months of age. While weight for length SDS remained normal and WV-SDS showed recovery during the 2nd year, LV-SDS remained negative. Length SDS stabilized near — 2 SDS. In summary, these data suggest that the major height deficit in infants with renal insufficiency is incurred during the first 6 months of life. Ponderal indices suggested that very early nutritional deficits may have been a primary contributor to subsequent height deficits. Despite recovery in ponderal indices and accelerations in linear growth velocity, catch-up growth was not apparent during the 2nd year. Inadequately treated bone disease, as evidenced by elevated PTH, had a negative impact on linear growth, predicating the need for earlier and better management of bone disease in these infants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00864388
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human immunodeficiency virus nephropathy (1993)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 7 (1993), S. 220-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ; Human immunodeficiency virus ; Nephropathy ; Proteinuria ; Focal glomerulosclerosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Varying components of the syndrome of human immunodeficiency virus nephropathy (HIVN) have been described, the most pertinent including proteinuria/nephrotic syndrome, progressive azotemia, normal blood pressure, enlarged and hyperechoic kidneys, rapid progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and no response to treatment regimens. The diagnosis of HIVN requires identification of excessive proteinuria or albuminuria, determined by a total protein excretion on a timed urine collection or a high protein/creatinine ratio in a random specimen. Various pathological lesions have been found in HIVN. The lesion of focal and segmental sclerosis (FS/FSS) is most characteristic in adults and usually is associated with a rapid demise. FS/FSS also has been described in approximately one-half of the pediatric patients reported in the literature (31/64). Despite progression to ESRD, the clinical course in children with HIVN is less fulminant than in adults. Other reported histological findings include primarily mesangial hyperplasia as well as minimal change, focal necrotizing glomerulonephritis or lupus nephritis, and hemolytic uremic syndrome. In addition to glomerular pathology, interstitial findings of dilated tubules filled with a unique proteinaceous material, atrophied tubular epithelium, and interstitial cell infiltration are very common. On electron microscopy, most investigators have found tubuloreticular inclusion bodies in endothelial cells of glomerular capillaries. Treatment of patients who develop ESRD remains highly controversial. Most adult patients treated with hemodialysis have succumbed rapidly; peritoneal dialysis has been better tolerated. Transplantation in patients with HIV infection must be considered to be tentative, with reports of acceleration towards full blown acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in some and uneventful 5-year survival in others. The situation of the pediatric patient with HIVN remains unclear and awaits the benefit of experience.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00864411
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