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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    “Negative Process”: A Recurrently Discovered and Underestimated Facet of Therapeutic Process and Outcome in the Individual Psychotherapy of Adults (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical psychology 4 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2850
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: A good therapeutic alliance has proven to be an important contributor to positive outcome in the individual psychotherapies of adults. Treatment models that have been studied include psychodynamic, cognitive, cognitive-behavioral, interpersonal, experiential, and some eclectic approaches. However, the ability of therapists to establish and maintain a good alliance has been greatly overestimated. The reason for this is the enormous difficulty that human beings have in dealing with Interpersonal conflict in which they are participants. Evidence for the ways in which therapists struggle with negative therapeutic process—hostile interchanges between patients and therapists—is traced throughout the psychotherapy research literature. It appears that negative process is a major obstacle to successful treatment, and that its pervasiveness has been underestimated. A therapeutic technical strategy that uses metacommunication is recommended for effectively managing negative process. Training therapists to use this technical strategy is discussed, as are recommendations for future research on the topic of negative process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2850.1997.tb00105.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the Limitations of Therapy Manuals (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical psychology 4 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2850
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: While the benefits of training manuals can hardly be questioned, they are exceedingly limited in reducing variability attributed to the “therapist factor.” We propose that manuals provide a useful outline of the general principles of a therapeutic approach, but can only reduce therapist variability at the expense of other essential therapeutic phenomena. Manuals cannot adequately convey, for example, how the effective therapist functions as a model of adult living and as a person who provides guidance. We suggest that such an experience cannot readily be packaged in manualized form, though manuals may serve as a useful beginning. Recommendations for therapist manualized training include greater attention to the subtleties of human relationships and adequately conveying that any technique is effective only when catalysed by a living, relational process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2850.1997.tb00101.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Psychotherapist's Skills Revisited (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical psychology 2 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2850
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: Like many psychotherapy researchers, I have been fascinated by the role of “specific” and “nonspecific” (or common) factors from the beginning of my career. For a long time K was erroneously believed that nonspecific factors required no skills on the part of the therapist whereas specific factors were equated with specialized training and expertise. Eventually, my fellow researchers at Vanderbilt and I concluded that the two terms are misnomers that have beclouded rather than clarified the basic issues. In the end, I became convinced that therapists’ skills contribute materially to the outcome of therapy and that these skills, rather than being specific techniques, are much more accurately described as the ability to manage the complex human relationship that is the essence of psychotherapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2850.1995.tb00025.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Non-Technical Factors in Supervisors' Ratings of Job Performance (1955)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Personnel psychology 8 (1955), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-6570
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: Supervisory ratings were analyzed to determine whether supervisors could rate aircraft mechanics on several dimensions of on-the-job proficiency, or whether their ratings contained nothing more than global general impressions. Three samples of USAF aircraft mechanics were administered a test of technical competence, while supervisory and co-worker ratings were obtained on them. The rating instruments contained a large number of detailed items, plus one over-all item. Special effort was directed at items which reflected motivational areas, or those “non-technical” variables which appear to modify job performance so that technical skill does not perfectly predict actual performance.Several clusters of rating dimensions were obtained from both the supervisory and co-worker rating instruments. These dimensions tended to correlate differentially with measures most likely to reflect technical skill, so that the ratings of technical skill correlated highest with them, while the other dimensions had negligible correlations with test and experience. Rater agreement was at the level usually found for rating instruments, although evidence showed supervisors were better raters than co-workers.Using a criterion of grouped co-worker over-all ratings, it was found that the supervisory rating dimensions were a useful addition to the test of technical competence in predicting over-all proficiency. This was interpreted as evidence of the existence of non-technical variables in the supervisory ratings, since technical competence was covered in the test.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1955.tb01200.x
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  • 5
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    The Psychotherapist's Contribution to the Treatment Process (1958)
    Baltimore, Md. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Behavioral science. 3:1 (1958:Jan.) 34 
    Details
    ISSN: 0005-7940
    Topics: Psychology
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:5019-1958-003-01-000004
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  • 6
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    Some Comments on the Future of Research in Psychotherapy (1960)
    Baltimore, Md. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Behavioral science. 5:1 (1960:Jan.) 60 
    Details
    ISSN: 0005-7940
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: Critique and Comment
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:5019-1960-005-01-000004
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
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    A Further Study of Psychiatrists' Responses in Quasi-Therapy Situations (1965)
    Baltimore, Md. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Behavioral science. 10:2 (1965:Apr.) 113 
    Details
    ISSN: 0005-7940
    Topics: Psychology
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:5019-1965-010-02-000001
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some comments on the future of psychoanalysis (1971)
    Springer
    Journal of contemporary psychotherapy 3 (1971), S. 117-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3564
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02110245
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nachhaltige Lektionen aus der psychotherapeutischen Praxis und Forschung (1996)
    Springer
    Psychotherapeut 41 (1996), S. 84-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6185
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Therapeutischer Prozeß ; Therapeutenvariable ; Therapeuteneigenschaften ; empathisches Zuhören ; Key words Therapeutic process ; Therapist variable ; Therapist traits ; Empathic listening
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Psychology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In this brief article I attempt to sketch a few salient insights from my career as a researcher and practitioner of psychotherapy: The key to successful therapy is undoubtedly the therapist's empathic listening, coupled with a series of other positive attributes and finely honed interpersonal skills. On the debit side, patients' hostility frequently evokes counterhostility from the therapist which not infrequently results in a negative outcome.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In diesem kurzen Artikel versuche ich einige wichtige Einsichten aus meiner Laufbahn als Forscher und Praktiker im Bereich der Psychotherapie zu skizzieren: Der Schlüssel zu einer erfolgreichen Therapie ist ohne Zweifel die Fähigkeit des Therapeuten, empathisch zuzuhören, verbunden mit einer Reihe anderer positiver Attribute und sorgfältig ausgebildeter interpersonaler Fertigkeiten. Ein Blick auf die Sollseite des therapeutischen Geschehens verdeutlicht, daß Feindseligkeiten des Patienten häufig eine Gegenfeindseligkeit beim Therapeuten provozieren, die nicht selten zu einem negativen Therapieergebnis führt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002780050021
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ein zeitgemäßer Blick auf die psychodynamische Psychotherapie und deren Zukunft (2000)
    Springer
    Psychotherapeut 45 (2000), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6185
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter ; Psychodynamische Psychotherapie ; Psychotherapieforschung ; Patient-Therapeut-Interaktion ; Key words ; Psychodynamic psychotherapy ; Psychotherapy research ; Patient-therapist-interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Psychology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary This article reviews the history of psychotherapy research from the personal view of the author. The review first looks into the basic questions related to the effects of psychotherapy and the differentiation of general and specific factors. With the development of techniques for the study of the psychotherapeutic process, research has made considerable progress. The Vanderbilt projects, initiated by the author, belong to this context and focussed primarily on the contribution of the therapist to the treatment process. In his outlook, the author formulates some research goals that might be important in a time of economic pressure.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In diesem Beitrag wird die Geschichte der psychodynamischen Psychotherapieforschung aus der persönlichen Sicht des Autors zusammengefaßt. Der Überblick geht aus von grundlegenden Fragen nach der Wirkung von Psychotherapie und der Unterscheidung allgemeiner vs. spezifischer Wirkfaktoren. Mit der Schaffung von Techniken zur Untersuchung des Psychotherapieprozesses entwickelte sich die Forschung auf beeindruckende Weise weiter. In diesen Kontext gehören die vom Autor initiierten Vanderbilt-Psychotherapieprojekte, in denen primär der Beitrag des Therapeuten zum Behandlungsprozeß im Blickpunkt standen. In dem Ausblick auf die Zukunft der Psychotherapie werden einige Desiderate formuliert, welche Ziele die Forschung in einer Zeit ökonomischen Drucks verfolgen sollte.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00006717
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