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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 59 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: High-pressure pretreated and frozen green beans, carrot dice or potato cubes were fluidized bed dried and compared to untreated, pressure-treated or water-blanched dried samples. Drying rates varied with pre-treatments. Freezing resulted in highest drying rates. Pressure-treated and water-blanched samples retained highly acceptable colors. Freezing or hot-water blanching or high-pressure pretreatment, followed by freezing, gave good rehydration. High-pressure treatment resulted in incomplete rehydration but combined with freezing, water uptake was between 2.1 and 4.8 mL/g. Retention of cell wall structures of frozen samples during drying was presumed responsible for more efficient mass transfer. Texture measurements revealed significant effects of pretreatments. Pressure-treated samples had texture nearest that of the raw material. No major differences in color were observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Carbohydrate Research 2 (1966), S. 132-149 
    ISSN: 0008-6215
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    FEBS Letters 28 (1972), S. 29-31 
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Chromatography A 21 (1966), S. 302-304 
    ISSN: 0021-9673
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Tetrahedron 22 (1966), S. 2223-2235 
    ISSN: 0040-4020
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Key words Glycaemic index – insulin – diabetes mellitus – blood glucose – digestion – diet – prebiotics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Background: Due to their lower glycaemic index, leguminous seeds affect human carbohydrate metabolism lesser than do cereals. Problems, however, could arise from side effects, e.g., increasing flatulence. Aim of the study and methods: In 26 healthy subjects, metabolic and symptomatic responses following acute ingestion of equivalent amounts of pure pea starch (NASTAR (Cosucra BV, Rosendaal/The Netherlands), crude yellow pea flour (CPC Deutschland, Germany), and modified and unmodified cornstarches (SNOWFLAKE and SIRONA, Cerestar/Germany) were assessed, i.e., plasma glucose, serum insulin, C-peptide, hydrogen exhalation, and flatulence. Results: Pure pea starch elicited less hyperglycaemia (minus 47 %), hyperinsulinaemia (minus 54 %), and C-peptide secretion (minus 37 %) as compared to cornstarch (p〈0.05), while the responses to modified versus unmodified corn starch were similar (8 subjects, n.s.). Pure pea and corn starches were equally well tolerated, while flatulence and breath hydrogen concentration were increased only after the intake of crude pea flour. Maldigestion of pea flour was calculated to be around 10 % (reference lactulose). Conclusions: The well-known metabolic advantages of pea starch over cornstarch were confirmed. Tolerability of pure pea starch was excellent, but not of crude pea flour. Provided it has the same technical characteristics, pure pea starch as a “prebiotic” could replace cornstarch in industrial food production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Farbmessung ; Hochdruckflüssigkeitschromatographie ; Violaxanthin ; Lutein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The carotinoid composition and content of 13 potato cultivars grown under identical conditions were determined by HPLC (Fig. 1). Total carotinoid content varied between 343 μg/100 g (cv. Monza) and 27 μg/100 g fresh weight (cv. Kero) (Table 1). The main component was violaxanthin ranging from 8μg to 244 μg/100 g, followed by lutein and lutein-5,6-epoxide, and in lower concentrations, neoxanthin A and neoxanthin. β-carotene was either detected in trace quantities or not at all. The levels of violaxanthin and lutein fell sharply from the outside to the inside of the tuber (skin, cortex, pith), whereas the levels of lutein-5,6-epoxide stayed practically constant (Table 2). Flesh colour and total carotenoid content were linearly related (Fig. 4) and the contributions of individual carotenoids to colour were similar. A multiple linear regression analysis showed that with the exception of neoxanthin A there was a good correlation between all the carotenoids and colour value or rating (Table 4). The best correlations were between total carotenoid content and both the colour rating assessed from standard colour cards for potato flesh colour and the instrumentally measured colour values (Hunter-Lab) (Fig. 4). The relationship was non-linear for cultivars with very high carotenoid contents. The intensive flesh colour of cv. Ilse, despite relatively low levels of carotenoids, is presumed to be due to the presence of other, as yet unidentified, pigments (Fig. 4). Visual assessment using the potato flesh colour card and instrumental measurements (determining the a, b and L values in Hunter-Lab) were equally suitable for measuring colour. The a and b values, i.e. the instrumentally measured colour values for the red-green and yellow-blue bands, were directly correlated with the visually determined flesh colour, whilst the lightness value L showed no relationship to the flesh colour of the cultivars (Fig. 2).
    Abstract: Résumé La teneur et la composition des caroténoïdes ont été déterminées avec l'aide de la méthode HPLC sur 13 variétés de pommes de terre d'une même provenance (fig. 1). La teneur totale en caroténoïdes était situé entre 343 μg/100 g (variété Monza) et 27 μg/100 g de poids frais (variété Kero) (tab. 1). Le composant principal est la violaxanthine avec des valeurs se situant entre 8 μg/100 g et 244 μg/ 100 g, viennent ensuite la luteine et la luteine-5,6-époxide, puis dans des concentrations plus faibles, la néoxanthine A et la néoxanthine. Le β-carotène n'a pas pu être dosé, sinon seulement sous forme de traces. Les teneurs en violaxanthine et en luteine vont en décroissant de la peau à la moelle du tubercule (peau, écorce, moelle), en revanche la luteine-5,6-époxide est pratiquement constante (tab. 2). La coloration de la chair et la teneur en caroténoïdes sont en étroite relation (fig. 4). La contribution des différentes caroténoïdes sur la coloration de la chair est à peu près égale. L'analyse multiple linéaire de régression donne une bonne corrélation entre les caroténoïdes et la note de coloration, à l'exception de la néoxanthine A. La teneur totale en caroténoïdes donne pour cette raison, tant avec la méthode visuelle de taxation (échelle de coloration des chairs de pommes de terre) que par la mensuration avec l'appareil (Hunter-Lab), la meilleure corrélation (fig. 4). Pour les variétés à très haute teneur en caroténoïdes la relation avec la coloration de la chair n'est plus linéaire. Chez la variété Ilse qui présente une teneur relativement faible de caroténoiïdes mais une coloration intensive de la chair, il doit s'agir d'autres pigments non identifiés dans ce travail (fig. 4). Pour la mensuration de la coloration de la chair des pommes de terre, la méthode visuelle avec l'aide d'une échelle de pointage et l'appareil de mesurage (détermination des valeurs a, b, et L avec Hunter-Lab) donnent des résultats identiques. Les valeurs a et b obtenues avec l'appareil sur l'axe rouge-vert et jaune-bleu sont en correlation avec le pointage visuel de la coloration de la chair (fig. 3). En revanche le degré de clarté ne présente pas de relation avec la coloration de la chair (fig. 2).
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der Carotinoidgehalt bei 13 Kartoffelsorten vom gleichen Standort liegt zwischen 343 μg/100 g (Sorte Monza) und 27 μg/ 100 g Frischgewicht (Sorte Kero). Hauptkomponente ist Violaxanthin (8–244 μg/100 g), gefolgt von Lutein, Lutein-5,6-epoxid und geringen Mengen Neoxanthin und Neoxanthin a. Innerhalb der Knolle (Schale, Rinde, Kern) nehmen die Gehalte an Violaxanthin und Lutein von aussen nach innen stark ab, Lutein-5,6-epoxid dagegen nicht. Fleischfarbe und Carotinoidgehalt stehen in einer direkten linearen Beziehung zueinander. Die beste Korrelation zwischen visueller ebenso wie instrumenteller Farbnote ergibt sich mit dem Gesamt-Carotinoidgehalt. Der Beitrag der einzelnen Carotinoide zur Fleischfarbe ist etwa gleich gross. Die lineare Abhängigkeit der Fleischfarbe vom Carotinoidgehalt gilt nicht mehr bei Sorten mit hohem Carotinoidgehalt. Zur Farbmessung sind die vissuelle Benotung (Fleischfarbenkarte) und die instrumentelle Farbmessung (‘Hunter Lab’) in gleicher Weise geeignet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Conclusions We have developed highly sensitive enzyme immunoassays for total anti-HBc and anti-HBc IgM using the sequential saturation test principle resp. the anti-μ technique. A high practicability is achieved not only by short but also by identical incubation times in both assays which facilitates the mechanisation of the procedure. The clinical evaluation showed that the high sensitivity and specificity of the tests is a suggestive supplement in hepatitis B serology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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