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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of composition and temperature on electric fatigue of La-doped lead zirconate titanate ceramics (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 7433-7443 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Composition and temperature of ferroelectric La-doped lead zirconate titanate ceramics influence its electric fatigue behavior, defined as the degradation of the electrical properties under the action of an ac field applied for a long time. Compositions of rhombohedral symmetry exhibit little or no fatigue compared with those of tetragonal and orthorhombic symmetry. At temperatures higher than the dielectric maximum, no fatigue effect was detected. Compositions close to phase boundaries (FE-AFE, FE-FE, or FE-PE) display significant fatigue behavior. Electric fatigue arises from the pinning of domains by space charges or injected carriers or from microcracking. The former (which are charge related) is accompanied by smaller strains and is recoverable by thermal and electrical treatment, while the latter (arising from microcracking) arises from large incompatible stresses between grains and is a permanent damage. The understanding of the mechanism of electric fatigue gained in the present study provides guidelines for enhancing the long-term reliability of devices based on ferroic materials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.356637
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Raman study of low temperature phase transitions in bismuth titanate, Bi4Ti3O12 (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 1819-1823 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An anomalous line narrowing along with the appearance of several new lines on cooling Bi4Ti3O12 ceramics, indicates a subtle phase transition in the 150–200 K region. In the same temperature range, anomalies in dielectric properties (dielectric constant, coercive field, and spontaneous polarization) of single-crystal Bi4Ti3O12 were reported. A possible subtle monoclinic-orthorhombic phase change, combined with a continuous ordering of dipoles associated with Bi3+ lone pair electrons and TiO6 octahedra, may be responsible for these results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.357700
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oberflächen- und Raumladungseffekte in keramischem Bariumtitanat (1957)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 44 (1957), S. 509-509 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00638246
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Axial thermal expansion of ZrO2 and HfO2 in the range room temperature to 1400°C (1969)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 2 (1969), S. 281-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The axial thermal expansion of monoclinic and tetragonal ZrO2 and of monoclinic HfO2 was studied over the temperature range from room temperature to 1400 °C. The linear thermal expansion coefficients were calculated. Thermal expansion along (x 106 per °C) a = 10.31 monoclinic ZrO2, 11.60 tetragonal ZrO2, 9.34 monoclinic HfO2; b = 1.35 monoclinic ZrO2, – tetragonal ZrO2, 2.98 monoclinic HfO2; c = 14.68 monoclinic ZrO2, 16.08 tetragonal ZrO2, 13.10 monoclinic HfO2. Some aspects of the present study, such as anisotropy of thermal expansion and a pretransformation vibrational anomaly, are discussed briefly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889869007217
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cation disorder in ferroelectric PbBi2Nb2O9 (1996)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 52 (1996), S. 432-439 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The ferroelectric Curie temperature, Tc, of PbBi2Nb2O9 was found to shift from 833 K in samples slowly cooled from 1373 K to Tc's up to 883 K when the samples were quenched from various temperatures in the range 973–1373 K. The variation of Tc with heat treatment was fully reversible. Extra Raman modes appear and the width of some Raman bands change as a function of heat treatment. These results are interpreted in terms of cation order–disorder involving the Pb2+ and Bi3+ ions in the perovskite units and the Bi2O2 layer. Neutron Rietveld analyses of the structures (orthorhombic, A21am, Z = 4, λ = 1.216) indicate a possible change in cationic order–disorder, with Pb2+ ions preferentially occupying the perovskite A-sites to the extent of 91 (7) and 80 (7)%, respectively, in the quenched and slowly cooled samples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108768195015072
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monoclinic–tetragonal phase transition in zirconia: mechanism, pretransformation and coexistence (1970)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 26 (1970), S. 535-542 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The high temperature X-ray diffraction study of the monoclinic tetragonal phase transition in ZrO2 showed that it is spread over a temperature range 930–1220°C. Anomalous intensity changes are observed in the pretransformation region 930–1100°C. Coexistence of phases through hybrid crystal formation in the region 1100–1220 °C and the mechanism of transition are discussed. The orientation relationship between the monoclinic (m) and the tetragonal (t) crystal structures consists in the parallelism of the (100)m plane to (110)t and of the bm axis to the ct axis. A drastic change in a small temperature range during the tetragonal–monoclinic transition is interpreted as a cooperative change in both short and long range interactions. The large thermal hysteresis is attributed to the difference in the mechanism of transition during heating and cooling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0567739470001389
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray dielectric, and optical study of ferroelectric lead metatantalate and related compounds (1960)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 13 (1960), S. 226-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-5520
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0365110X60000522
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elastic constants of orthorhombic KNbO3 by X-ray diffuse scattering (1972)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 28 (1972), S. 227-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: All nine elastic constants of orthorhombic potassium niobate (space group Bmm2) have been determined at room temperature from a diffractometric study of 006, 040 and 600 diffuse reflexions. The values of the elastic constants in units of 1012 dynes.cm−2 are: C11 = 0.354, C22 = 0.516, C33= 0.632, C44 = 3.558, C55 = 3.651, C66 = 2.069, C12 = −1.058, C23 = −1.914, C13 = −2.027. Equiscattering contours and K surfaces have been calculated using these values of the elastic constants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0567739472000622
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hedvall effect and synthesis of zircon (1969)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 4 (1969), S. 468-469 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00549714
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of reduction of BaTiO3 (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 15 (1980), S. 2113-2115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00550639
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