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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dual regulatory pathways integrating the RcsC–RcsD–RcsB signalling system control enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli pathogenicity (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 58 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Bacterial pathogenesis is strictly regulated in response to changes in environmental conditions. A His–Asp phosphorelay system consisting of a sensor kinase and response regulator is used by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria to control gene expression in response to environmental stimuli. We screened His–Asp phosphorelay systems for their effect on virulence expression in enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), and found rcsD or rcsB overexpression enhanced locus for enterocyte effacement (LEE) gene transcription and adherence to Caco-2 cells through transcriptional activation of the ler regulatory gene. An EHEC-specific regulator GrvA, encoded by ECs1274, was required for ler transcription activation by RcsB. Furthermore, GrvA activated ler transcription in E. coli K12. Stimulation of the RcsDCB regulatory system by RcsF overexpression slightly increased EspB expression in the wild type but not the ECs1274 mutant. However, EspB expression in an rcsB deletion mutant increased compared with wild type, suggesting that RcsB negatively regulates LEE gene expression and that active RcsB protein is present under normal growth conditions. Deletion of pchA, which encodes a positive regulator for ler, abolished the effect of the rcsB deletion, suggesting that pchA mediated the negative RcsB effect. pchA transcript levels decreased when RcsB expression increased. Thus, LEE gene transcription may be regulated by RcsB through two oppositely regulated O157-specific regulators, PchA and GrvA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04828.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tetanus Toxin and Clostridium perfringens Enterotoxin as Tools for the Study of Exocytosis (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 710 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb26617.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Bordetella bronchiseptica dermonecrotizing toxin on bone formation in calvaria of neonatal rats (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of Bordetella bronchiseptica dermonecrotizing toxin on bone formation were investigated using a purified toxin preparation. Single injection of 4.3 ng of the toxin into the subcutaneous tissue overlying the calvariae of neonatal rats necrotized periosteum of parietal bone and degenerated osteoblasts within two days. Nine days after the injection, the lesion of the bone tissue became severe; the bone matrix became thin and fragmented. These observations indicate that dermonecrotizing toxin without other factors produced by the organisms impairs bone formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.1995.tb00170.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bordetella bronchiseptica dermonecrotizing toxin stimulates protein synthesis in an osteoblastic clone, MC3T3-E1 cells (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 120 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effects of Bordetella bronchiseptica dermonecrotizing toxin on protein synthesis in an osteoblastic clone, MC3T3-E1 cells, were investigated. The rate of protein synthesis in the serum-starved cells was increased by the toxin after a latent period of about 4 h, and reached 2.5 times that of the control 24 h after addition of toxin. The toxin raised the level of protein synthesis even in actively proliferating cells. The stimulatory effect of the toxin on protein synthesis occurred earlier than other toxic events so far reported, such as the stimulation of DNA synthesis and the inhibition of osteoblastic differentiation, and was apparently dependent on the toxin concentrations over the range 0.05 ng ml−1 to 6.0 ng ml−1. Therefore, the stimulatory effect of the toxin on protein synthesis could be useful in determining the mode of action of the toxin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1994.tb07001.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intergranular bridges in the anterior pituitary cell and their possible involvement in Ca2+-induced granule-granule fusion (1998)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 292 (1998), S. 513-519 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Intergranular bridges ; Granule-granule fusion ; Annexin II ; Anterior pituitary cells ; Multi granular exocytosis ; Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin ; Quick-freeze deep-etch microscopy ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Quick-freeze deep-etch electron microscopy showed the presence of bridge-like structures between adjacent secretory granules in rat anterior pituitary secretory cells. These intergranular bridges were variable in length and thickness. The finest bridges were 7–8 nm in length, while the longest ones were as long as 80 nm. Annexin II, one of the Ca2+-dependent phospholipid-binding proteins, is known to interlink between two membranes and induce aggregation of liposomes and chromaffin granules under the presence of Ca2+. In anterior pituitary cells, annexin II was detected by immunoelectron microscopy at the contact sites of secretory granules with other granules. The anterior pituitary cells treated under the presence of extracellular Ca2+ with Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin which induces Ca2+ influx showed multigranular exocytosis, i.e., multiple fusions of secretory granules with each other and with the plasma membrane. The granule-granule fusion in progress could be captured by the quick-freeze deep-etch technique. The membranes of adjacent secretory granules were partially fused at their contact sites where intergranular strands were no longer seen, while there existed intergranular strands between unfused portions of the granule membranes. From these results, we consider that the intergranular bridges, some of which may be composed of annexin II, are involved in Ca2+-induced granule-granule fusion in anterior pituitary cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051080
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Widespread association of annexin II with intracellular membrane systems and involvement of annexin II in granule--granule fusion in addition to granule--plasma membrane fusion in anterior pituitary cells (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular histology 30 (1998), S. 331-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The subcellular localization in anterior pituitary secretory cells of annexin II, one of the Ca2+-dependent phospholipid-binding proteins, was examined by immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy. Annexin II was associated with the plasma membrane, the membranes of secretory granules and cytoplasmic organelles, such as rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and vesicles, and with the nuclear envelope. Annexin II was frequently detected at the contact sites of secretory granules with other granules and with the plasma membrane. The anterior pituitary and adrenal medulla were treated with Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin, which induces Ca2+ influx, and examined under an electron microscope. The anterior pituitary cells showed multigranular exocytosis, i.e. multiple fusions of secretory granules with each other and with the plasma membrane, but adrenal chromaffin cells, which lack annexin II on the granule membranes, never showed granule--granule fusion and only single granule exocytosis. From these results, we conclude that, in anterior pituitary secretory cells, annexin II is involved in granule--granule fusion in addition to granule--plasma membrane fusion. © 1998 Chapman & Hall
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003280310954
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