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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    α -Farnesene, a Natural Attractant for Codling Moth Larvae (1972)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 239 (1972), S. 170-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Fig. 1 Structure of a-farnesene. A small (2x1 cm) rectangle of filter paper was treated with 0.025 ml. of test material in chloroform and was placed vertically against one side of a 5.2 cm diameter Petri dish after the solvent had evaporated. A second paper treated with the same quantity of pure ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/239170a0
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dietary influences on aphid polymorphism (1969)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 12 (1969), S. 703-713 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Polymorphismus ist bei den Aphiden die Regel. Das Auftreten und die Aufeinanderfolge ihrer verschiedenen Morphen in der Natur ist auf zahlreiche Faktoren bezogen worden. Während einige dieser Faktoren bereits die Morphen der Generation zu beeinflussen vermögen, die ihnen ausgesetzt ist, kommen andere erst in den folgenden Generationen zum Ausdruck. Überwiegende und manchmal ausschließliche Bedeutung wurde der Umgebungstemperatur und der Tageslänge zugemessen, die direkt auf die Induktion der Erzeugung von Sexualformen wirken, sowie den Wechselwirkungen zwischen Blattläusen bei der Entwicklung geflügelter Individuen oder bei der Produktion einer geflügelten Nachkommenschaft. Obwohl verschiedene physiologische Zustände der Wirtspflanzen der Blattläuse seit Jahrzehnten mit der Entwicklung geflügelter Populationen in Zusammenhang gebracht worden sind, wurde ein unumstößlicher Nachweis, daß Wirtspflanzen tatsächlich eine Rolle bei der Morphendetermination spielen, bis vor kurzem nicht erbracht. Nachweise, daß Nahrungsfaktoren tatsächlich mitspielen, wurden fortlaufend bei der Benutzung chemisch definierter künstlicher Diäten erhalten. Obwohl Nicht-Nahrungsfaktoren weitgehend bestimmen können, welche der verschiedenen genetisch möglichen Morphen vorwiegend zur Verwirklichung kommen, so geht doch aus den hier vorliegenden Untersuchungen nunmehr völlig klar hervor, daß Nahrungsfaktoren eine modifizierende, manchmal sogar eine beherrschende Wirkung auf die Prozesse ausüben können, welche die morphologische Ausbildung der Blattläuse beeinflussen.
    Notes: Abstract Polymorphism in aphids is the general rule. The occurrence and succession of their different morphs in nature has been related to numerous factors. Whereas some of these factors may already influence the morph of the generation exposed to them, others express themselves only in subsequent generations. Major, and sometimes exclusive, importance has been attached to environmental temperature and daylength acting directly on the aphids to induce the production of sexual morphs, and to interactions between aphids in the development of winged individuals or in the production of alate progeny. Although various physiological conditions of the hostplants of aphids have for decades been implicated in the development of winged populations, unequivocal evidence that hostplants do play a role in morph determination has not until recently been obtained. Evidence that dietary factors are indeed involved is currently being obtained by using chemically defined artificial diets. Although non-dietary factors may largely determine which of several genetically possible morphs predominantly express themselves, it is now quite clear from the studies to be reported that dietary factors can have a modifying and sometimes even a dominant effect on the processes affecting the morphological expression of aphids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00297096
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The attraction of newly hatched codling moth (Laspeyresia pomonella) larvae to apple (1972)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 15 (1972), S. 481-487 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Frischgeschlüpfte Raupen des Apfelwicklers (Laspeyresia pomonella), die sich in einem geschlossenen Glasbehälter befanden, wurden zum Duft der Schale reifer Früchte des “Sturmer Pippin”-Apfels hingezogen Vor allem die Apfelschale, gleichgültig ob mit oder völlig ohne Fleisch, war für die Raupen sehr anziehend, während das mit reinem Apfelfleisch nur in geringem Maße der Fall war. Das weist eindeutig darauf hin, daß die anziehenden Faktoren hauptsächlich in der Schale selbst enthalten sein müssen. Ein Extrakt wurde hergestellt, indem ganze Äpfel 30 min in Chloroform eingetaucht wurden. Trockenes Filterpapier, das mit diesem Extrakt imprägniert war, wirkte für die Raupen ebenso anziehend wie frische Apfelschale. In beiden Fällen liefen die Raupen schnell direkt zur Duftquelle. Ihr Verhalten im Duftgradienten wurde beobachtet und als Klinotaxis eingestuft. Die Rolle des Abstandes der Raupe von der Frucht auf das Geruchsempfinden der Raupe in unbewegter Luft wurde geprüft. Es wurde festgestellt, daß die Raupen aus 1,5–2,0 cm Entfernung herbeigelockt werden können. Wurden ähnliche Experimente bei leichtem Luftzug gemacht, so änderte sich das Verhalten der Raupen dadurch nicht merklich. Daraus wird geschlossen, daß beim Auffinden der Frucht durch die eben ausgeschlüpften Raupen die Geruchsanziehung wohl eine größere Rolle spielen muß, zumal die meisten Eier ja nur wenige Zentimeter von der Frucht entfernt abgelegt werden. Dabei ist aber zu bedenken, daß auch andere Faktoren des Lebensraumes das Geruchsempfinden beeinflussen können.
    Notes: Abstract Newly hatched codling moth (Laspeyresia pomonella) larvae are attracted to the skin of the apple cultivar “Sturmer Pippin”. In a closed test chamber the insects orientated and moved rapidly towards freshly cut apple skin. The outer skin of the fruit elicited a considerably stronger olfactory response than did the flesh. Dry filter papers treated with an external chloroform extract of whole apples were highly attractive to codling moth larvae. The behaviour of larvae in the presence of these odour sources has been observed and is manifest as a klinotaxis. The effect of the spatial separation of larvae and whole fruit, and the influence of air movement upon this, have also been investigated. The possible role of olfactory attraction in fruit location by newly hatched larvae is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00293612
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response of newly hatched codling moth larvae (Laspeyresia pomonella) to water vapour (1975)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 18 (1975), S. 389-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00628369
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dormancy and lipid storage in the pemphigine aphid Thecabius affinis (1968)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 11 (1968), S. 348-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les virginipares hibernants des souches anholocycliques du Puceron Thecabius affinis (Pemphigine) ne s'alimentent pas et ne produisent pas de cire. Leur contenu lipidique total est presque le double de celui des formes estivales. La chromatographie en couche mince des extraits lipidiques obtenus des hibernants et des formes estivales montra que, tandis que les derniers contenaient de petites quantités de lipides comprenant plusieurs groupes de graisses, les premiers contenaient des quantités relativement grandes d'un petit nombre de lipides, particulièrement des triglycérides et des phospholipides. L'accumulation de cette réserve de graisse ainsi que l'état latent, semblent être induits par les basses températures. Les descendants de virginipares estivales normales placés et élevés à une température de 8° au laboratoire, se mirent en latence en 1 à 3 semaines, habituellement au second ou au troisième stade. Les formes latentes du second stade recueillies dans la nature et transférées dans une ambiance à 15° commencèrent à s'alimenter et à produire de la cire presque immédiatement. Cependant, le taux de développement de ces insectes était plus réduit ainsi que le taux de reproduction lorsque commençait la larviposition. On ne sait pas encore si la température agit directement sur les insectes et induit la latence, ou si elle agit indirectement par l'intermédiaire de la plante hôte.
    Notes: Abstract Overwintering virginoparae of the aphid Thecabius affinis differ in many respects from the summer forms, but particularly in the accumulation of large lipid reserves. While the summer forms contain small amounts of several neutral lipids, quiescent individuals are found to contain large quantities of a very few. Offspring of a summer form female become quiescent if deposited and reared at a temperature of 8°, regardless of photoperiod. The developmental rate of quiescent forms collected from the field and placed in a 15° environment in the laboratory is slower than that of normal summer forms, although feeding and wax production begin almost immediately after the transfer has been made.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00333759
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sexual forms of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, produced on an artificial diet (1969)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 12 (1969), S. 240-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00335621
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serological identification of wireworm and staphylinid predators of the Australian soldier fly (Inopus rubriceps) and wireworm feeding on plant and animal food (1985)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 38 (1985), S. 65-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Wireworm ; Conoderus exsul ; Elateridae ; predation ; Australian soldier fly ; Inopus rubriceps ; Stratiomyidae ; Thyreocephalus orthodoxus ; Staphylinidae ; serology ; immuno-osmophoresis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Pour déterminer la valeur de Conoderus exsul Sharp comme prédateur d'Inopus rubriceps Macquart, ravageur des prairies en Nouvelle Zélande, cet élatéride a été sur nourri des végétaux et animaux. En 72 heures, il s'est alimenté plus abondamment sur I. rubriceps que sur grains de blé. Par contre, un autre élatéride des prairies, Agrypnus variabilis Candeze, a consommé plus de grains de blé que de I. rubriceps. Une technique sérologique, l'immuno-osmophorèse, a montré que 19% des larves de C. exsul, 20% de celles de A. variabilis et 80% des adultes du staphylin, Thyreocephalus orthodoxus Olliff récoltés dans la nature, avaient consommé des larves de I. rubriceps. En se basant sur la densité en Elatérides, sur le pourcentage de réactions positives, sur les taux de consommation quotidiens, et la période d'observation de proies dans le tube digestif des prédateurs, on peut estimer que 12 larves/m2/jour de I. rubriceps ont été détruites par les larves de C. exsul pendant les 7 semaines de la période utilisée.
    Notes: Abstract Pasture wireworm, Conoderus exsul (Sharp) fed more on larvae of the Australian soldier fly (Inopus rubriceps (Macquart)) than on germinating wheat seed when given a choice in the laboratory. Conversely, Agrypnus variabilis (Candeze), another wireworm found in New Zealand pastures, fed more on wheat seed. As determined by a serological technique (immuno-osmophoresis), 19% of C. exsul larvae, 20% of A. variabilis larvae and 80% of the adults of a staphylinid, Thyreocephalus oxthodoxus, (Olliff) collected in a pasture, had fed on I. rubriceps larvae. A predation rate of 12 soldier fly larvae/m2/day was estimated for C. exsul larvae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00163354
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of Host Plant in Production of Winged Forms by a Green Strain of Pea Aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris (1967)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 216 (1967), S. 387-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The present work on Acyrthosiphon pisum has shown that, while there is certainly a response to crowding in adult apterae in that some of them produce some alate daughters immediately after the treatment, it is possible to induce aphids reared from first instar in isolation on seedlings to produce ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/216387a0
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of maltose and other carbohydrates on the feeding behaviour ofHeteronychus arator (Scarabaeidae: Coleoptera) (1976)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 32 (1976), S. 701-702 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Several of 17 carbohydrates stimulated ingestion by black beetle larvae (Heteronychus arator) and of these maltose induced an exceptionally strong response. Only maltose, glucose, fructose and sucrose stimulated feeding by adult beetles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01919841
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isoflavonoids as insect feeding deterrents and antifungal components from root ofLupinus angustifolius (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 13 (1987), S. 771-783 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Costelytra zealandica ; Heteronychus arator ; Lupinus angustifolius ; insect resistance ; feeding deterrent ; antifungal activity ; 5-hydroxyisoflavones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Crude extracts of the root of the resistant legume,Lupinus angustifolius, showed feeding deterrent activity toCostelytra zealandica andHeteronychus arator larvae. Nine 5-hydroxyisoflavones were isolated from an active fraction and their feeding deterrent activity and antifungal activity was measured. High feeding-deterrent activity was associated with high antifungal activity with some exceptions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01020159
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