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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 4945-4947 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Uniaxial magnetic anisotropy induced in iron thin films by the oblique incidence of deposition particles was investigated by computer simulation. In the simulation, the self-shadowing effect was considered mainly to explain changes in the magnetic anisotropy of iron films with the incident angle. The simulated grain shape in the film changes significantly with the incident angle of deposition particles. Grains elongated in a direction normal to the incidence direction of depositing particles were clearly observed in simulated film deposited with an incidence angle around 60°. However, the film deposited at an incidence angle of 80° had columnar grains separated from each other and inclined to the incidence direction. Changes in the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy of the film can be qualitatively explained by the shape anisotropy of these grains in the film. The decrease in saturation magnetization of these films with incident angle seems to be mainly caused by the formation of a porous film. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biotechnology progress 6 (1990), S. 231-236 
    ISSN: 1520-6033
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), S. 6250-6252 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In this study, we used computer simulation to investigate changes in the composition of hexagonal barium ferrite films with sputtering gas pressure obtained by the sputter-deposition processes. The iron content in the film deposited by facing target sputtering increased as the sputtering gas pressure increased and reached a maximum value at a certain gas pressure. These changes in the film composition were explained as follows: sputtered particles scatter when they collide with sputtering gas atoms, and this scattering changes the ratio of the particles reaching the substrate. When the substrate was located to the side of the target, as in a facing target sputtering system, this scattering resulted in an increase in the amount of sputtered particles arriving at the substrate, although too much scattering caused the amount to decrease. When a magnetron sputtering system is used for the film preparation, this gas scattering leads to a decrease in the amount of sputtered particles arriving at the substrate which is located opposite the target. Since this gas scattering depends significantly on the atomic mass of the sputtered particles, the gas pressure dependence of the amount of iron atoms arriving differs considerably from that of the amount of barium atoms arriving. This difference leads to the changes in film composition. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 55 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of food science & technology 38 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2621
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Fish sauce was prepared with sodium chloride or natural salt partially replaced by potassium chloride at three ratios, 90 : 10, 75 : 25 and 60 : 40. Volatile acids were collected by steam distillation under reduced pressure and measured. The sensory property of the products was evaluated. The amino acid content was also measured. Most of the volatile acids in all the samples with added KCl were higher than in the controls, suggesting a role for KCl in the formation of volatile acids in fish sauce manufacture. Sensory evaluation showed slight differences in odour between the samples with added KCl and the controls, but the differences did not affect the acceptability of the product. However, acceptance of taste terminated at a 75 : 25 NaCl or natural salt : KCl ratio. Almost all the amino acids in the control and in the fish sauces with added KCl were comparable to those of commercial fish sauce. Partial substitution of NaCl or natural salt with KCl up to a ratio of 75 : 25 seems feasible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 192 (1993), S. 532-538 
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 52 (1996), S. 296-302 
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The crystal structures of NaK1−x(NH4)x(+)-C4H4O6.4H2O (RS1−xARSx, x = 0.90, 0.94 and 1.00) have been determined in the paraelectric phase (T = 294 K). The crystal data are: for ARS, orthorhombic, P21212, R = 0.038, wR = 0.032, no. of reflections = 3373, a = 12.206 (7), b = 14.451 (6), c = 6.250 (4) Å, V = 1102 (1) Å3, Z = 4, Dx = 1.573 g cm−3, λ(MoKα) = 0.70926 Å, F(000) = 552.00; for RS0.06ARS0.94, orthorhombic, P21212, R = 0.040, wR = 0.030, no. of reflections = 2446, a = 12.172 (4), b = 14.421 (4), c = 6.239 (2) Å, V = 1095.2 (6) Å3, Z = 4, Dx = 1.592 g cm−3, λ(Mo Kα1) = 0.70926 Å, F(000) = 553.92; for RS0.10ARS0.90, orthorhombic, P21212, R = 0.036, wR = 0.027, no. of reflections = 1898, a = 12.165 (9), b = 14.420 (7), c = 6.239 (4) Å, V = 1094 (1) Z = 4, Dx = 1.598 g cm−3, λ(Mo Kα1) = 0.70926 Å, F(000) = 555.20. In the crystals there are two crystallographically nonequivalent cation sites occupied by K/NH4 ions. The accommodation ratios of sites (1) [(2a) by the Wyckoff notation] and (2) [(2b)] are 0.94 (1) and 0.92 (1), respectively, in RS0.06ARS0.94, and 0.90 (1) and 0.93 (1), respectively, in RS0.10ARS0.90. As x increases, the location of site (2) displaces towards the origin. The hydrogen bonds around sites (1) and (2) are classified into two types: one is that the distances become longer as x increases, due to the difference in the ionic radii of K and NH4 ions, while the other is that the distances are equal. Comparing the crystal structure of ARS to that of RS, the following differences occur: the position of site (2), the interatomic distances between cations of sites (1) and (2) and O atoms, the form of the tartrate molecule and the position of some water molecules. These differences seem to be mainly caused by the replacement of NH4 ions by K.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 52 (1996), S. 976-981 
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The crystal structures of the ferroelectric NaK0.72 (NH4)0.28(+)-C4H4O6.4H2O (RS0.72ARS0.28) have been studied in the paraelectric phase [Mr = 276.32, orthorhombic, P21212,° Z = 4, F(000) = 575.04, λ(Mo Kα1) = 0.70926 Å]; T = 213 (1), 253 (1) and 293 (1) K. The crystal data are as follows: (I) at T = 213 (1) K: R = 0.0424, wR = 0.0399, number of reflections = 3414, a = 11.899 (2), b = 14.273 (2), c = 6.211 (1) Å, V = 1054.9 (2) Å3, Dx = 1.740 g cm−3; (II) at T = 253 (1) K: R = 0.0498, wR = 0.0442, number of reflections = 3284, a = 11.929 (1), b = 14.297 (1), c = 6.221 (1) Å, V = 1061.0 (2) Å3, Dx = 1.730 g cm−3; (III) at T = 293 (1) K: R = 0.0473, wR = 0.0392, number of reflections = 3179, a = 11.955 (1), b = 14.317 (1), c = 6.231 (1) Å, V = 1066.5 (1) Å3, Dx = 1.721 g cm−3. X-ray investigations reveal details of structural change with temperature in the paraelectric phase. The carboxylate anion O(3)—C(4)—O(4) in the tartrate molecule is displaced along the a axis as the temperature decreases; moreover, the O(8) atom is displaced in the opposite direction against the shift of the carboxylate anion. The temperature dependence of the thermal motions of O(8) shows different behavior from the other O atoms of the water molecules. The amplitude of the thermal motion of O(8) does not tend to zero at T = 0 K, while the other O atoms of the water molecules tend to zero.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 11 (1978), S. 693-694 
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Solvent makes a significant contribution to the diffracted intensity of crystals and fibres of large biological molecules. Allowance for this contribution must be made in the refinement of trial structures and an improved method is described for the calculation of solvent scattering.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 10 (1977), S. 64-66 
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The use of electron diffraction in structural studies of fibrous polymers is complicated by the presence of an intense background associated with inelastic scattering. A method of digital processing is described which effectively removes the undesirable features of this background. The method is also applicable in low-angle X-ray diffraction studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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