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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tubular structures associated with Babesia caballi in equine erythrocytes in vitro (1999)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 85 (1999), S. 171-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In-vitro-propagated Babesiacaballi parasites were examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Many small pores were observed over the entire surface of infected erythrocytes on scanning electron microscopy, and on transmission electron microscopy these small pores were found to be openings of tubular structures. By the examination of a number of infected cells the tubular structures were found to be connected with the parasite, and this observation might indicate that the tubular structures arose from the edge of the parasite and terminated at an invagination on the surface of the erythrocyte. These findings suggest that intraerythrocytic stages of B.caballi come into direct contact with culture medium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004360050530
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural characteristics of Babesia caballi in equine erythrocytes in vitro (1999)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 85 (1999), S. 794-799 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Babesia caballi cultured continuously in equine erythrocytes was examined by transmission electron microscopy. The use of cultured B. caballi permitted examination of a large number of parasitized cells with various stages of intra erythrocytic development. The piriform merozoites of B. caballi were composed of an outer membrane and an inner double-membrane complex. Numerous micronemes and three rhoptries were found in the pellicle of the merozoite, and a spherical body was seen in the anterior part of the merozoite which usually lay adjacent to the nucleus and the pellicle. These findings were similar to those for merozoites of bovine Babesia parasites such as B. bigemina. The trophozoites were surrounded by a single membrane, were continuously changing their body shape with extension and retraction of the pseudopod. A long pseudopod extended far into the host cell cytoplasm, and was finally completely enclosed in a cell, but did not have hemozoin pigment, the breakdown product of hemoglobin digestion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004360050635
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of immune lymphocyte products and serum antibody on the multiplication of Toxoplasma in murine peritoneal macrophages (1976)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 49 (1976), S. 11-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In vitro studies on cell-mediated immunity against Toxoplasma infection were carried out by estimating the ability of antigenically stimulated lymphocytes. Splenic lymphocytes from normal mice and from hyper-immunized mice were cultured in the presence or absence of Toxoplasma lysate antigen. The cell-free supernatant fluids from these lymphocyte cultures were assessed for their ability to alter the functional capacities of normal macrophages. When glycogen-induced peritoneal macrophages were incubated with the culture supernatant from immune lymphocytes reacting with specific antigen, the intracellular multiplication of the organisms was inhibited remarkably. In contrast, the addition of antitoxoplasma antibody to culture medium had no effect on the enhancement of phagocytic activity of cultured macrophages. However, when extracellular organisms were exposed to fresh or heat-inactivated immune serum just before infection of the monolayers, the intracellular multiplication of Toxoplasmas was inhibited significantly by either activated or normal macrophages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00445014
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on production of biologically active substance which inhibits the intracellular multiplication of Toxoplasma within mouse macrophages (1977)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 53 (1977), S. 31-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In vitro assessments were carried out to study some biological aspects of immune lymphocytes producing a new lymphokine, called by the authors Toxoplasma growth inhibitory factor (Toxo-GIF), which inhibits the intracellular multiplication of Toxoplasma gondii within nonimmune mouse macrophages. Concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin-P were found to induce vigorous production of Toxo-GIF, whereas bacterial lipopolysaccharide did not. In vitro treatment of splenic lymphocytes with rabbit anti-mouse thymocyte serum plus complement abolished almost completely their ability to produce Toxo-GIF. Treatment of splenic lymphocytes with inhibitors of protein synthesis, cycloheximide or puromycin resulted in a remarkable reduction of the ability of sensitized lymphocytes to produce this lymphokine. Thus the production of Toxo-GIF seems to be dependent on the cellular metabolic events of sensitized T-lymphocytes. The significant activity of Toxo-GIF was demonstrable even in the supernate of lymphocyte cultures incubated in serum-free medium and was also evident after immune lymphocytes and homologous antigen were incubated for the relatively short period of 10 h.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00383112
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth-inhibitory effects of interferon-γ on Neospora caninum in murine macrophages by a nitric oxide mechanism (2000)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 86 (2000), S. 768-771 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To clarify the effector pathway of Neospora caninum growth-inhibitory activity induced by interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in murine macrophages we examined the relationship between IFN-γ and nitric oxide (NO). Production of NO was enhanced in cultures of macrophages supplemented with IFN-γ, and dose-dependent growth inhibition was observed. These findings suggest that the inhibitory activity induced in macrophages by IFN-γ is mediated NO molecules. A competitive inhibitor of the L-arginine-dependent effector pathway, N G-monomethyl-L-arginine, virtually abolished the inhibitory effects induced by IFN-γ. From this finding it appears that the inhibitory effects induced by IFN-γ in macrophages may be mediated by an L-arginine-dependent effector pathway that involves NO production. In vivo, mice with a targeted disruption of the inducible NO synthase gene (iNOS−/−) were more susceptible than wild-type mice to N. caninum. Therefore, the production of NO in macrophages induced by IFN-γ is an important mechanism for the killing of intracellular N. caninum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004360000242
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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